ArticleCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2023
Prognosis after Local Recurrence in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated without Chemotherapy.
Article in Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical, humanistic and economic burden associated with recurrence among patients with early-stage cancers: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding phillygenin's dual attack on breast cancer: ferroptosis induction and immune evasion suppression.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Machine learning prediction of breast cancer local recurrence localization, and distant metastasis after local recurrences.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Novel Tumor on Chip Mimicking the Breast Cancer Microenvironment for Dynamic Drug Screening.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging-based prognostic model for subsequent distant metastasis in patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence following breast-conserving surgery.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Effect of tumor-associated macrophages on the pyroptosis of breast cancer tumor cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Protocol of the HISTOTHERM study: assessing the response to hyperthermia and hypofractionated radiotherapy in recurrent breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany women with early-stage breast cancer are predicted to be at sufficiently low risk for recurrence that they may forego chemotherapy. Nevertheless, some low-risk women will experience a local recurrence, and for them the risk of death increases significantly thereafter. The utility of initiating chemotherapy at the time of local recurrence has not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this study is to identify, in a hospital-based series of patients with early-stage breast cancer who were not treated with chemotherapy, those factors which predict death post local recurrence.
methodsWe identified 135 women who were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (node-negative, <5 cm) and who did not receive chemotherapy at diagnosis and who developed a local recurrence. They were diagnosed between 1987 and 2000 and treated at Women's College Hospital. For each patient, we abstracted information on the initial cancer (age at diagnosis, tumour size, tumour grade, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, lympho-vascular invasion, type of surgery, use of radiotherapy, tamoxifen and chemotherapy), the time from initial diagnosis to local recurrence and treatment at recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the ten-year actuarial risk of breast cancer death post recurrence. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate multivariate hazard ratios for the various factors.
resultsAmong the 135 women in the cohort, the mean time from initial diagnosis to local recurrence was 7.8 years (range: 0.3 to 22.6 years). A total of 38 of the 135 women (28.1%) died of breast cancer a mean of 5.3 years after experiencing the local recurrence (range: 0.3 to 17 years). The ten-year breast cancer survival post local recurrence was 71% and the 15-year survival was 65%. In a multivariate analysis, it was found that factors that were significantly associated with death after local recurrence were (1) PR-negative status, (2) young age at diagnosis (<40 years) and (3) time to local recurrence less than 2 years. Nine percent of women received chemotherapy at the time of local recurrence.
conclusionsFor breast cancer patients with a low baseline risk of mortality, the risk of death after an isolated local recurrence is substantial. Systemic treatment at the time of local recurrence needs further study.
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