ReviewMolecular psychiatry2023
The glymphatic system's role in traumatic brain injury-related neurodegeneration.
Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The glymphatic system in sleep: a nexus of waste clearance, brain homeostasis, and disease intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space in Veterans with Remote Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of inflammatory response in secondary brain injury: a review of computational approaches, challenges, and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Review
- Developmental Alterations in the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index Suggest Possible Glymphatic-Related Mechanisms Underlying Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Psychosis Vulnerability in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Glymphatic function restored by α1-noradrenergic antagonism alleviates headache allodynia in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes of neurocognitive function and ALPS-index in patients with brain tumors receiving brain irradiation.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- G-ALPS: An index for evaluating cognitive decline and aging using diffusion tensor imaging.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Integrating brain organoids, meningeal immunity, and glymphatic dynamics: toward modeling neuroimmune clearance and crosstalk in disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The olfactory-glymphatic syndrome: linking smell dysfunction, cognitive impairment and sleep disturbances in neuropathological disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The brain washing system in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Serum evaluation of NFL correlates with histological identification of degenerating axons.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- The glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems may converge, connecting traumatic brain injury progression with chronic traumatic encephalopathy onset.Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2025Review
- Elevated serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the synaptophysin and neurogranin with its altered brain expression in the early phase of traumatic brain injury as a potential marker of synaptic injury.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia: Mechanisms, Risk Stratification, and Clinical Management.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- The Role of Neuroinflammation and Network Anomalies in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Perivascular macrophages in the central nervous system: insights into their roles in health and disease.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Markers Associated with Cognitive and Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of effective connectivity within the Papez circuit on episodic memory: moderation by perivascular space function.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Glymphatic System Activity and Tau Burden, Dopaminergic Impairment, Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In at least some individuals who suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI), there exists a risk of future neurodegenerative illness. This review focuses on the association between the brain-based paravascular drainage pathway known as the "glymphatic system" and TBI-related neurodegeneration. The glymphatic system is composed of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flowing into the brain parenchyma along paravascular spaces surrounding penetrating arterioles where it mixes with interstitial fluid (ISF) before being cleared along paravenous drainage pathways. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels on astrocytic end-feet appear essential for the functioning of this system. The current literature linking glymphatic system disruption and TBI-related neurodegeneration is largely based on murine models with existing human research focused on the need for biomarkers of glymphatic system function (e.g., neuroimaging modalities). Key findings from the existing literature include evidence of glymphatic system flow disruption following TBI, mechanisms of this decreased flow (i.e., AQP4 depolarization), and evidence of protein accumulation and deposition (e.g., amyloid β, tau). The same studies suggest that glymphatic dysfunction leads to subsequent neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and/or behavioral change although replication in humans is needed. Identified emerging topics from the literature are as follows: link between TBI, sleep, and glymphatic system dysfunction; influence of glymphatic system disruption on TBI biomarkers; and development of novel treatments for glymphatic system disruption following TBI. Although a burgeoning field, more research is needed to elucidate the role of glymphatic system disruption in TBI-related neurodegeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.