ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
The inflammatory injury in the striatal microglia-dopaminergic-neuron crosstalk involved in Tourette syndrome development.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of XuanShi Choudong Recipe in the Treatment of Tic Disorder.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- [Volatile oil fromNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Tic disorders and allergic diseases: mechanistic links and the impact of allergy management - a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- The potential role of aberrant microglial synaptic pruning in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of tourette syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Elucidating the material basis and therapeutic mechanisms of Shaoma Zhijing granules for tourette syndrome by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and multiple models.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Acupuncture as A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Tourette Syndrome: Modulation of Neurotransmitter Levels and Gut Microbiota.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation and pathways that contribute to tourette syndrome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- MicroRNA-429 Inhibits Microglial Inflammation by TargetingMediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- The volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A study on neurotransmitter levels in rats with Tic disorder treated with aripiprazole.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Yinhua Gouteng decoction alleviates tic disorder symptoms by modulating neuro-inflammation in a rat model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Histaminergic System Activity in the Central Nervous System: The Role in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- TUNEL-n-DIFL Method for Detection and Estimation of Apoptosis Specifically in Neurons and Glial Cells in Mixed Culture and Animal Models of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- New insights of metabolite abnormalities in the thalamus of rats with iminodiproprionitrile-induced tic disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Novel advanced patient-derivedFrontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is associated with immunological dysfunction. The DA system is closely related to TS development, or behavioral stereotypes. Previous evidence suggested that hyper-M1-polarized microglia may exist in the brains of TS individuals. However, the role of microglia in TS and their interaction with dopaminergic neurons is unclear. In this study, we applied iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to establish a TS model and focused on the inflammatory injury in the striatal microglia-dopaminergic-neuron crosstalk. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with IDPN for seven consecutive days. Stereotypic behavior was observed to verify the TS model. Striatal microglia activation was evaluated based on different markers and expressions of inflammatory factors. The striatal dopaminergic neurons were purified and co-cultured with different microglia groups, and dopamine-associated markers were assessed. Results: First, there was pathological damage to striatal dopaminergic neurons in TS rats, as indicated by decreased expression of TH, DAT, and PITX3. Next, the TS group showed a trend of increased Iba-1 positive cells and elevated levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, as well as an enhanced M1-polarization marker (iNOS) and an attenuated M2-polarization marker (Arg-1). Finally, in the co-culture experiment, IL-4-treated microglia could upregulate the expression of TH, DAT, and PITX3 in striatal dopaminergic neurons Conclusion: In the striatum of TS rats, microglia activation is M1 hyperpolarized, which transmits inflammatory injury to striatal dopaminergic neurons and disrupts normal dopamine signaling.
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