ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2023
Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, Severe Hypoglycemia, and Glycemic Control in Patients Using Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health Insurance Claims in Japan.
Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of multimorbidity among people living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults with diabetes: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Considering Deintensification and Deprescribing with Higher HbA1c Targets in Vulnerable Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Database Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity and the Number of Conditions Increase With the Duration of Type 1 Diabetes and Associate With Increased Mortality.Journal of diabetes · 2026Observational
- Pharmacogenomic study of the effects of saxagliptin on glucose control and hypoglycemic events.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Unlocking the Secrets of Nature: Phytochemicals as Key Players in Longevity and Healthy Aging.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with comorbidities in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: A national study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Differences in health care expenditure due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus.Journal of periodontology · 2025Article
- Reduced insulin use and diabetes complications upon introduction of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP1-receptor agonists in low- and middle-income countries: A microsimulation.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Risk of imbalanced glycemic pattern: diagnostic content validity.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2025Article
- Comparison of medication persistence and adherence in type 2 diabetes using a once-weekly regimen of DPP-4 inhibitor compared with once-daily and twice-daily regimens: a retrospective cohort study of Japanese health insurance claims data.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Glycemic control of once-weekly and other administration frequencies for DPP-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world retrospective cohort study.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study of Azar cohort population.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study aimed to understand the actual status of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among patients with type 2 diabetes using glucose-lowering drugs, and to assess the effects of patient characteristics on severe hypoglycemia and glycemic control.
methodsWe designed a retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims and medical checkup data in Japan from April 2016 to February 2021 and identified patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed glucose-lowering drugs. We analyzed data on patient characteristics, including multimorbidity and polypharmacy, calculated the incidence rate for severe hypoglycemic events, applied a negative binomial regression model to explore factors that affected severe hypoglycemia, and analyzed the status of glycemic control in the subcohort for which HbA1c data were available.
resultsWithin the analysis population (n = 93,801), multimorbidity was present in 85.5% and mean ± standard deviation for oral drug prescriptions was 5.6 ± 3.5 per patient, while for those aged 75 years or older these numbers increased to 96.3% and 7.1 ± 3.5, respectively. The crude incidence rate for severe hypoglycemia was 5.85 (95% confidence interval 5.37, 6.37) per 1000 person-years. Risk factors for severe hypoglycemia included younger and older age, prior severe hypoglycemia, use of insulin, sulfonylurea, two-drug therapy including sulfonylurea or glinides, three-or-more-drug therapy, excessive polypharmacy, and comorbidities including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis. Subcohort analysis (n = 26,746) showed that glycemic control is not always maintained according to guidelines.
conclusionPatients with type 2 diabetes, particularly older patients, experienced high multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Several risk factors for severe hypoglycemia were identified, most notably younger age, ESRD, history of severe hypoglycemia, and insulin therapy.
trial registrationThe University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046736).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.