ArticleFrontiers in oncology2023
Mendelian randomization to explore the direct or mediating associations between socioeconomic status and lung cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Mendelian randomized research method in oncology research: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive study integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental results on HROB as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Blood and urine biomarkers and myocardial infarction: A 2-sample and multivariate combination of Mendelian randomization.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Article
- Identifying the mediating role of inflammation on the relationship between socioeconomic status and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis and mediation analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify whether there are direct or mediated causal associations between socioeconomic status and lung cancer. Methods: Pooled statistics were obtained from corresponding genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and contamination-mixture methods were used as supplements to Mendelian randomization (MR) statistical analysis. Cochrane's Q value and the MR-Egger intercept were used for sensitivity analysis. Results: In the univariate MR analysis, household income and education had protective effects on overall lung cancer (income: Conclusion: Income, education, BMI, and smoking are causally associated with both overall lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer. Smoking and education are independent association factors for overall lung cancer, while smoking is an independent association factor for squamous cell lung cancer. Smoking and education also play important mediating roles in overall lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer. No causal relationship was found between multiple risk factors associated with socioeconomic status and lung adenocarcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.