ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2023
The most common medications dispensed to lactating persons: An electronic health record-based approach.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Drug exposure during breastfeeding: a descriptive population-based cohort study with SIDIAP database.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Pragmatic and contextualized methods selection for safety assessment of infant systemic exposure through human milk: the Milk4baby decision tree approach - a contribution from the concePTION project.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Characterisation and validation of lactation information from structured electronic health records for use in pharmacoepidemiological studies.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Understanding willingness and barriers to participate in clinical trials during pregnancy and lactation: findings from a US study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeUsing a novel, electronic health record (EHR)-based approach, to estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use at 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum among lactating individuals.
methodsWe utilized automated EHR data from a US health system that records infant feeding information at well-child visits. We linked mothers who received prenatal care to their infants born May 2018-June 2019, and we required infants to have ≥1 well-child visit between 31 and 90 days of life (i.e., 2-month well-child visit with a ±1 month window). Mothers were classified as lactating at the 2-month well-child visit if their infant received breast milk at the 2-month well-child visit. For subsequent well-child visits at 4 and 6 months, mothers were considered lactating if their infant was still receiving breast milk.
resultsWe identified 6013 mothers meeting inclusion criteria, and 4158 (69.2%) were classified as lactating at the 2-month well-child visit. Among those classified as lactating, the most common medication classes dispensed around the 2-month well-child visit were oral progestin contraceptives (19.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (8.8%), first generation cephalosporins (4.3%), thyroid hormones (3.5%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (3.4%), penicillinase-resistant penicillins (3.1%), topical corticosteroids (2.9%), and oral imidazole-related antifungals (2.0%). The most common medication classes were similar around the 4 and 6-month well-child visits although prevalence estimates were often lower.
conclusionsProgestin-only contraceptives, antidepressants, and antibiotics were the most dispensed medications among lactating mothers. With routine collection of breastfeeding information, mother-infant linked EHR data may overcome limitations in previous studies of medication utilization during lactation. These data should be considered for studies of medication safety during lactation given the need for human safety data.
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