ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2023
Flowering phenophases influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative chemical profiling combined with molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET, and DFT analysis reveal the anti-infective and antioxidant potential of Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. essential oil supported by experimental validation.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Developmental Dynamics of Bioactive Compound Accumulation During Vegetative Growth in Thymus daenensis Čelak.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Regulation of long non-coding RNAs by essential oils: Therapeutic implications in human diseases.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Sweet orange essential oil and (+)-limonene prevent oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma/BV-2 microglia co-culture neurodegeneration models.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Essential Oils for Biofilm Control: Mechanisms, Synergies, and Translational Challenges in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Potential ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- New Antimicrobial Strategies to Treat Multi-Drug Resistant Infections Caused by Gram-Negatives in Cystic Fibrosis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Inhibitory effect of natural compounds on quorum sensing system inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
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11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEssential oils are becoming increasingly popular in medicinal applications because of their antimicrobial effect. Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) is a well-known and widely cultivated medicinal plant, which is used as a remedy for cold, cough and gastrointestinal symptoms. Essential oil content of thyme is responsible for its antimicrobial activity, however, it has been reported that the chemical composition of essential oils influences its biological activity. In order to explore flowering phenophases influence on the chemical composition of thyme essential oil and its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity, plant materials were collected at the beginning of flowering, in full bloom and at the end of flowering periods in 2019.
methodsEssential oils from fresh and dried plant materials were distilled and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The antibacterial activity was performed by broth microdilution and thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB) assays and the anti-biofilm effect by crystal violet assay, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to illustrate the cellular changes of bacterial cells after essential oil treatment.
resultsThymol (52.33-62.46%) was the main component in the thyme essential oils. Thyme oil distilled from fresh plant material and collected at the beginning of flowering period exerted the highest antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
conclusionThe different flowering periods of Thymus vulgaris influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of its essential oils, therefore, the collection time has to be taken into consideration and not only the full bloom, but the beginning of flowering period may provide biological active thyme essential oil.
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