ReviewBiomedicines2023
Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: An Update.
Review in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Inflammation and Immune Regulation in Chronic Inflammation Associated Cancers.Cancer science · 2026Review
- Real-world management and outcomes of immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis: gaps in guideline adherence and opportunities for implementation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Practical Approach in Differentiating IBD From Other Causes of Enterocolitis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Allograft Rejection Risk: Emerging Evidence Regarding Their Use in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Time dependent predictors of cardiac inflammatory adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy: risks and management.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- An updated review on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- JAK Inhibitor Upadacitinib Induces Remission in Refractory Immune-Related Colitis Triggered by CTLA-4 and PD-1 Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Case Report.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Adverse Events of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Analysis of the FDA Adverse Events Database.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Outcome of an Accelerated Treatment Algorithm for Patients Developing Diarrhea as a Complication of Ipilimumab-Based Cancer Immunotherapy in a Community Practice.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Focus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Intestinal Inflammation: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Approach.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2024Review
- Immune-related adverse events-pembrolizumab-induced colitis-the importance of early diagnosis and treatment: A case report and review of the literature.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyReview
- Occurrence of Fatal Tubulopathy in an Old, Fit Patient Receiving Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Report.Case reports in oncologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) nowadays has indications for several solid tumors. The current targets for ICIs are CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 receptors. Despite the clinical advantages derived from ICIs, a variety of side effects are linked to overstimulation of the immune system. Among these, ICI-related colitis is one of the most common, with a disabling impact on the patient. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, cramping, and hematochezia are the most common ICI enterocolitis presenting symptoms. The most frequently used grading system for assessment of the severity of ICI enterocolitis is called the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading. With regard to the histological picture, there is no specific feature; however, microscopic damage can be classified into five types: (1) acute active colitis, (2) chronic active colitis, (3) microscopic colitis-like, (4) graft-versus-host disease-like, and (5) other types. Supportive therapy (oral hydration, a bland diet without lactose or caffeine, and anti-diarrheal agents) is indicated in mild colitis. Symptomatic treatment alone or with loperamide, a low-fiber diet, and spasmolytics are recommended for low-grade diarrhea. In more severe cases, corticosteroid treatment is mandatory. In refractory cases, off-label use of biological therapies (infliximab or vedolizumab) was proposed.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.