ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T Cell- and Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Inflammation, Cerebral Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- EGCG-loaded nanoparticles attenuate post-SAH white matter injury by targeting HO-1/S100A10 to suppress oxidative stress-induced reactive astrocytes.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- The roles of microglia and astrocytes in inflammasomes and neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Harnessing Regulatory T Cells to Modulate Acute Brain Injury: From Mechanisms to Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells and regulatory T cells in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid - a pilot study.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Observational
- Neuroprotective effects of hesperidin on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats: an experimental study.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2025Article
- Deep immunophenotyping in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective and controlled clinical study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Beyond the bleed: complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies: a review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Experimental study of the effects of diazepam on vasospasm in a subarachnoid rat model through pathological and biochemical analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prediction of the 180 day functional outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using an optimized XGBoost model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- TMEM119-positive microglial cells in cerebrospinal fluid, a potential new marker for neuroinflammatory response after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Acute Neurovascular Inflammatory Profile in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Mitigating Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complications: Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Anakinra in an Experimental Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Insights into the epidemiological analysis of subarachnoid hemorrhage burden and trends in middle-aged and elderly populations: a global perspective from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in subarachnoid hemorrhage: mechanisms and treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sympathetic nerve block as an add-on therapy for intervention and prevention of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Association between multiple serum biomarkers and cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The Comparative Effects of Anakinra and Tocilizumab on Inflammation and Cerebral Vasospasm in an Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Characteristics, predictors and outcomes of early postoperative cerebral infarction on computed tomography in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high mortality and disability rates, which are substantially driven by complications. Early brain injury and vasospasm can happen after SAH and are crucial events to prevent and treat to improve prognosis. In recent decades, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in SAH complications, with both innate and adaptive immunity involved in mechanisms of damage after SAH. The purpose of this review is to summarize the immunological profile of vasospasm, highlighting the potential implementation of biomarkers for its prediction and management. Overall, the kinetics of central nervous system (CNS) immune invasion and soluble factors' production critically differs between patients developing vasospasm compared to those not experiencing this complication. In particular, in people developing vasospasm, a neutrophil increase develops in the first minutes to days and pairs with a mild depletion of CD45+ lymphocytes. Cytokine production is boosted early on after SAH, and a steep increase in interleukin-6, metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) anticipates the development of vasospasm after SAH. We also highlight the role of microglia and the potential influence of genetic polymorphism in the development of vasospasm and SAH-related complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.