ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine
The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for oligodendrogliomas in dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unusually slow progression of a high-grade intramedullary oligodendroglioma in a dog: serial magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical course over two years.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of primary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats: Basic concepts for diagnostic pathologists.Veterinary pathology · 2026Review
- An Illustrated Scoping Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine and Feline Brain Tumors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for oligodendrogliomas in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn humans, the T2-weighted (T2W)-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign (T2FMM) is a specific imaging biomarker for the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-mutated, 1p/19q non-codeleted low-grade astrocytomas (LGA). The T2FMM is characterized by a homogeneous hyperintense T2W signal and a hypointense signal with a hyperintense peripheral rim on FLAIR sequences. In gliomas in dogs, the T2FMM has not been described. HYPOTHESES/
objectivesIn dogs with focal intra-axial brain lesions, T2FMM will discriminate gliomas from other lesions. The T2FMM will be associated with the LGA phenotype and presence of microcysts on histopathology. Interobserver agreement for T2FMM magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features will be high. ANIMALS: One hundred eighty-six dogs with histopathologically diagnosed focal intra-axial lesions on brain MRI including oligodendrogliomas (n = 90), astrocytomas (n = 47), undefined gliomas (n = 9), cerebrovascular accidents (n = 33), and inflammatory lesions (n = 7).
methodsTwo blinded raters evaluated the 186 MRI studies and identified cases with the T2FMM. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical slides of T2FMM cases were evaluated for morphologic features and IDH1-mutations and compared to cases without the T2FMM. Gene expression analyses were performed on a subset of oligodendrogliomas (n = 10) with and without T2FMM.
resultsThe T2FMM was identified in 14/186 (8%) of MRI studies, and all dogs with T2FMM had oligodendrogliomas (n = 12 low-grade [LGO], n = 2 high-grade [HGO]; P < .001). Microcystic change was significantly associated with the T2FMM (P < .00001). In oligodendrogliomas with T2FMM, IDH1-mutations or specific differentially expressed genes were not identified. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The T2FMM can be readily identified on routinely obtained MRI sequences. It is a specific biomarker for oligodendroglioma in dogs, and was significantly associated with non-enhancing LGO.
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