ArticleTranslational psychiatry2023
Higher immune-related gene expression in major depression is independent of CRP levels: results from the BIODEP study.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the secrets of NPSLE: the role of dendritic cell-secreted CCL2 in blood-brain barrier disruption.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Developmental origins of immune function: Maternal prenatal mood is associated with infant immune cell gene expression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Measurement of Serum Parameters Attributes the Therapeutic Effects of Music Therapy to Augmented Stress-Coping Ability and Diminished Systemic Inflammation.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- The dietary ligands, omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids and short-chain fatty acids prevent cytokine-induced reduction of human hippocampal neurogenesis and alter the expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The inflammation-depression link: How social networks buffer or exacerbate risk.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammation at the Crossroad of Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunity in neuromodulation: probing neural and immune pathways in brain disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiles in major depressive disorder: the role of immunometabolic and cell-cycle-related pathways in depression with different levels of inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Immune links in comorbid depression and psoriasis: A narrative mini-review and perspective.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Extra-axial inflammatory signal and its relationship to peripheral and central immunity in depression.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- New Evidence for the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Inflammation in Stress-Associated Depression: A Gene-Environment Analysis Covering 19,296 Genes in 109,360 Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Prognostic and Depression Risk Index for Gastric Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Identifying Key Genes and Approved Medications Associated with Major Depressive Disorder Using Network Analysis and Systems Biology.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Tissue Kallikrein-1 Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses and Reduces Depressive-Like Behavior in the MRL/lpr Lupus-Prone Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Psilocybin for dementia prevention? The potential role of psilocybin to alter mechanisms associated with major depression and neurodegenerative diseases.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Depressive disorder and elevated risk of bell's palsy: a nationwide propensity score-weighting study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association between hs-CRP and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates that some individuals suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit increased levels of inflammation. Most studies focus on inflammation-related proteins, such as serum or plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). However, the immune-related modifications associated with MDD may be not entirely captured by CRP alone. Analysing mRNA gene expression levels, we aimed to identify broader molecular immune-related phenotypes of MDD. We examined 168 individuals from the non-interventional, case-control, BIODEP study, 128 with a diagnosis of MDD and 40 healthy controls. Individuals with MDD were further divided according to serum high-sensitivity (hs)CRP levels (n = 59 with CRP <1, n = 33 with CRP 1-3 and n = 36 with CRP >3 mg/L). We isolated RNA from whole blood and performed gene expression analyses using RT-qPCR. We measured the expression of 16 immune-related candidate genes: A2M, AQP4, CCL2, CXCL12, CRP, FKBP5, IL-1-beta, IL-6, ISG15, MIF, GR, P2RX7, SGK1, STAT1, TNF-alpha and USP18. Nine of the 16 candidate genes were differentially expressed in MDD cases vs. controls, with no differences between CRP-based groups. Only CRP mRNA was clearly associated with serum CRP. In contrast, plasma (proteins) IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-16, IL-17A, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and neutrophils counts, were all differentially regulated between CRP-based groups (higher in CRP >3 vs. CRP <1 and/or controls), reflecting the gradient of CRP values. Secondary analyses on MDD individuals and controls with CRP values <1 mg/L (usually interpreted as 'no inflammation') confirmed MDD cases still had significantly different mRNA expression of immune-related genes compared with controls. These findings corroborate an immune-related molecular activation in MDD, which appears to be independent of serum CRP levels. Additional biological mechanisms may then be required to translate this mRNA signature into inflammation at protein and cellular levels. Understanding these mechanisms will help to uncover the true immune abnormalities in depression, opening new paths for diagnosis and treatment.
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