ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2023
Tocotrienol-rich fraction reduces retinal inflammation and angiogenesis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in ameliorating neuroinflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Oxymatrine regulates SPHKS/S1P signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy: an observational clinical cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Isoalantolactone inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression via direct targeting of NLRP3-mediated inflammation-angiogenesis axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Effects of Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rat's Model: An Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling and Correlation Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The association between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and anti-VEGF treatment response in patients with type 2 diabetic macular edema.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Tocopherol and Tocotrienol in Glaucoma Management.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Molecular Impact of Magnesium-Mediated Immune Regulation in Diseases.Scientifica · 2025Review
- The use of vitamin E in ocular health: Bridging omics approaches with Tocopherol and Tocotrienol in the management of glaucoma.Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Propolis extract nanoparticles alleviate diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats: antidiabetic, antioxidant, and steroidogenesis modulatory role.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) protects against retinal cell apoptosis and preserves visual behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- The Role of Natural Products in Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Identifying the stability of housekeeping genes to be used for the quantitative real-time PCR normalization in retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Review
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5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the second commonest microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. Palm oil-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), a substance with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, may provide protection against DR development. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of TRF on retinal vascular and morphological changes in diabetic rats. The effects of TRF on the retinal expression of inflammatory and angiogenic markers were also studied in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
methodsMale Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were grouped into normal rats (N) and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight) whereas N similarly received citrate buffer. STZ-injected rats with blood glucose of more than 20 mmol/L were considered diabetic and were divided into vehicle-treated (DV) and TRF-treated (DT) groups. N and DV received vehicle, whereas DT received TRF (100 mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage once daily for 12 weeks. Fundus images were captured at week 0 (baseline), week 6 and week 12 post-STZ induction to estimate vascular diameters. At the end of experimental period, rats were euthanized, and retinal tissues were collected for morphometric analysis and measurement of NFκB, phospho-NFκB (Ser536), HIF-1α using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Retinal inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines expression were measured by ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR.
resultsTRF preserved the retinal layer thickness (GCL, IPL, INL and OR; p < 0.05) and retinal venous diameter (p < 0.001). TRF also lowered the retinal NFκB activation (p < 0.05) as well as expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Moreover, TRF also reduced retinal expression of VEGF (p < 0.001), IGF-1 (p < 0.001) and HIF-1α (p < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated rats with diabetes.
conclusionOral TRF provided protection against retinal inflammation and angiogenesis in rats with STZ-induced diabetes by suppressing the expression of the markers of retinal inflammation and angiogenesis.
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