SynthesisBMJ paediatrics open2023
School-age outcomes of children after perinatal brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ paediatrics open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stroke in children and adolescents: Analysis of electrophysiological and behavioral assessment findings of auditory processing.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Trial
- Oral language profiles and associated factors in children after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Educational attainment among primary school children with neurodisability: a population-based cohort study using linked education and health data from England.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Is there a role for apolipoprotein E in perinatal brain injury?Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Psychopathological Dynamics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Visually Impaired Patients.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- School Performance of Preterm-Born Children After Intraventricular Hemorrhage.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Music and Rhythm as Promising Tools to Assess and Improve Cognitive Development in Children: A Scoping Review.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- A Multidimensional and Integrated Rehabilitation Approach (A.M.I.R.A.) for Infants at Risk of Cerebral Palsy and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Doing Everything We Can to Help Our High-Risk Newborns: A Qualitative, Lifeworld-Led Study of What Early Risk Assessment for Cerebral Palsy Means to Parents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Contingent mother's voice intervention facilitates attention in hospitalized preterm infants with neural insults.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2025Article
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Survival, Multimorbidity, and Neurodevelopment.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- From brain injury to classroom: cognitive and academic outcomes after pediatric stroke. A narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Persistent inequities in neonatal encephalopathy: a 30-year global burden analysis (1990-2021).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Predictive Model for Perinatal Brain Injury Using Machine Learning Based on Early Birth Data.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Childhood Health and Educational outcomes afteR perinatal Brain injury (CHERuB): protocol for a population-matched cohort study.BMJ open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver 3000 children suffer a perinatal brain injury in England every year according to national surveillance. The childhood outcomes of infants with perinatal brain injury are however unknown.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analyses were undertaken of studies published between 2000 and September 2021 exploring school-aged neurodevelopmental outcomes of children after perinatal brain injury compared with those without perinatal brain injury. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment, which included cognitive, motor, speech and language, behavioural, hearing or visual impairment after 5 years of age.
resultsThis review included 42 studies. Preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) grades 3-4 were found to have a threefold greater risk of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment at school age OR 3.69 (95% CI 1.7 to 7.98) compared with preterm infants without IVH. Infants with perinatal stroke had an increased incidence of hemiplegia 61% (95% CI 39.2% to 82.9%) and an increased risk of cognitive impairment (difference in full scale IQ -24.2 (95% CI -30.73 to -17.67) . Perinatal stroke was also associated with poorer academic performance; and lower mean receptive -20.88 (95% CI -36.66 to -5.11) and expressive language scores -20.25 (95% CI -34.36 to -6.13) on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) assessment. Studies reported an increased risk of persisting neurodevelopmental impairment at school age after neonatal meningitis. Cognitive impairment and special educational needs were highlighted after moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. However, there were limited comparative studies providing school-aged outcome data across neurodevelopmental domains and few provided adjusted data. Findings were further limited by the heterogeneity of studies.
conclusionsLongitudinal population studies exploring childhood outcomes after perinatal brain injury are urgently needed to better enable clinicians to prepare affected families, and to facilitate targeted developmental support to help affected children reach their full potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.