SynthesisHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2023
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Hypertensive Emergencies: Implication for Risk Stratification.
Synthesis in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Hypertensive Emergencies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and organ damage in Hypertensive Urgencies.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in the cardiology emergency department: epidemiology, patient profile, and management.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Observational
- Hypertensive crisis and its predictors in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis, 2024.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAcute severe elevation of blood pressure (BP) is a common clinical event, that can present as hypertensive emergency (HTNE) and hypertensive urgency (HTNU). HTNE results in life-threatening target organ damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, stroke, and acute kidney injury. It is associated with high utilization of healthcare and increased cost. HTNU is high BP without acute serious complications.
aimThe purpose of this review was to examine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with HTNE and propose a risk stratification framework to differentiate between the two conditions, since prognosis, setting of therapy and treatment is vastly different.
methodsSystematic review.
resultsFourteen full-text studies were included in this review. In comparison with HTNU, patients with HTNE had higher mean systolic (mean difference 2.413, 95% CI 0.477, 4.350) and diastolic BP (mean difference 2.043, 95% CI 0.624, 3.461). HTNE were more prevalent in men (OR 1.390, 95% CI 1.207, 1.601), older adults (mean difference 5.282, 95% CI 3.229, 7.335) and those with diabetes (OR 1.723, 95% CI 1.485, 2.000). Non-adherence to BP medications (OR 0.939, 95% CI 0.647, 1.363) and unawareness of hypertension diagnosis (OR 0.807, 95% CI 0.564, 1.154) did not elevate the risk of HTNE.
conclusionsSystolic and diastolic BP are marginally higher in patients with HTNE. Given that these differences are not clinically significant, other epidemiological and medical characteristics (older age, male sex, cardiometabolic comorbidities) as well as patient's presentation should be considered to differentiate between HTNU and HTNE.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.