Evidence mapPaperPMID 37316616Full record

ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2024

The effect of metformin combined with liraglutide on gut microbiota of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Xiaohong Niu, Panpan Lu, Linqing Huang, Yan Sun, Miaomiao Jin, Jing Liu, Xing Li

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. GLP-1 agonists and the gut microbiome: A bidirectional relationship.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Chinese herbal medicines · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Food chemistry: X · 2024
    Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiaohong NiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China.
Panpan LuDepartment of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046013, China.
Linqing HuangDepartment of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046013, China.
Yan SunDepartment of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China.
Miaomiao JinDepartment of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China.
Jing LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
Xing LiDepartment of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China. 13503504180@163.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-8033

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetformin (MET) is a first-line therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Liraglutide (LRG) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used as a second-line therapy in combination with MET.

methodsWe performed a longitudinal analysis comparing the gut microbiota of overweight and/or pre-diabetic participants (NCP group) with that of each following their progression to T2DM diagnosis (UNT group) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal bacteria samples. We also examined the effects of MET (MET group) and MET plus LRG (MET+LRG group) on the gut microbiota of these participants following 60 days of anti-diabetic drug therapy in two parallel treatment arms.

resultsIn the UNT group, the relative abundances of Paraprevotella (P = 0.002) and Megamonas (P = 0.029) were greater, and that of Lachnospira (P = 0.003) was lower, compared with the NCP group. In the MET group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides (P = 0.039) was greater, and those of Paraprevotella (P = 0.018), Blautia (P = 0.001), and Faecalibacterium (P = 0.005) were lower, compared with the UNT group. In the MET+LRG group, the relative abundances of Blautia (P = 0.005) and Dialister (P = 0.045) were significantly lower than in the UNT group. The relative abundance of Megasphaera in the MET group was significantly greater than in the MET+LRG group (P = 0.041).

conclusionsTreatment with MET and MET+LRG results in significant alterations in gut microbiota, compared with the profiles of patients at the time of T2DM diagnosis. These alterations differed significantly between the MET and MET+LRG groups, which suggests that LRG exerted an additive effect on the composition of gut microbiota.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeMetforminChinaHumansLiraglutideRNA, Ribosomal, 16SLiraglutideMetforminRNA, Ribosomal, 16SGlucagon-like peptide-1 agonistGut microbiotaLiraglutideMetforminType-2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.