ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2023
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Observational Study of Economic and Clinical Burden in Sweden.
Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Curcumin Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Quantitative Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- A real-world evaluation of longitudinal healthcare expenses in a health system registry of type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease enabled by the 21st century cures act.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting Return to Work of Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Macrovascular and microvascular complications in US Medicare enrollees with type 2 diabetes with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparing demographic/clinical characteristics, health care resource utilization, and costs among patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with and without the use of cardioprotective medications.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Observational
- Influence of Dulaglutide on Serum Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability: An Interventional Analysis of Cytokine Profiles in Diabetic Subjects-A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Incidence of stroke, subsequent clinical outcomes and health care resource utilization in people with type 2 diabetes: a real-world database study in France: "INSIST" study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIndividuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high risk of experiencing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which is associated with morbidity, mortality and healthcare resource utilisation. Clinical guidelines recommend the use of glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular benefits in individuals with T2D and cardiovascular disease, but there is evidence that this is not reflected in clinical practice. We used linked national registry data from Sweden to compare outcomes in people with T2D and ASCVD against matched controls with T2D without ASCVD, over 5 years. Direct costs (inpatient, outpatient and selected drug costs), indirect costs resulting from work absence, early retirement, cardiovascular events and mortality were examined.
methodsIndividuals with T2D who were at least 16 years old and were alive and resident in Sweden on 1 January 2012 were identified in an existing database. In four separate analyses, individuals with a record indicating ASCVD according to a broad definition, peripheral artery disease (PAD), stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) before 1 January 2012 were identified using diagnosis and/or procedure codes and propensity score matched 1:1 to controls with T2D and without ASCVD, using covariates for birth, sex and level of education in 2012. Follow-up continued until death, migration from Sweden or the end of the study period in 2016.
resultsIn total, 80,305 individuals with ASCVD, 15,397 individuals with PAD, 17,539 individuals with previous stroke and 25,729 individuals with previous MI were included. Total mean annual costs per person were €14,785 for PAD (2.7 × costs for controls), €11,397 for previous stroke (2.2 × controls), €10,730 for ASCVD (1.9 × controls) and €10,342 for previous MI (1.7 × controls). Indirect costs and costs of inpatient care were the major cost drivers. ASCVD, PAD, stroke and MI were all associated with an increased likelihood of early retirement, cardiovascular events and mortality.
conclusionsASCVD is associated with considerable costs, morbidity and mortality in individuals with T2D. These results support structured assessment of ASCVD risk and broader implementation of guideline-recommended treatments in T2D healthcare.
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