SynthesisBMJ open2023
Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The future of vaccination: Innovations emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Trends, disparities and projections of pericardial diseases related mortality in the United States: A 1999-2035 analysis using artificial deep neural network.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Pre-existing Comorbidities as Potential Risk Modifiers for New-Onset Myocarditis and Pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Males Aged 18-30 in the United States: A Disproportionality Analysis using VAERS Spontaneous Reporting Data.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2026Article
- LDLR-OPN Interaction Drives COVID-19 Myocarditis Through Monocyte Recruitment.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier imaging at single-cell resolution across entire mouse bodies with deep learning.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Harnessing the Potential of mRNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Off-the-Shelf Large Language Models for Causality Assessment of Individual Case Safety Reports: A Proof-of-Concept with COVID-19 Vaccines.Drug safety · 2025Article
- Considerations for mRNA Product Development, Regulation and Deployment Across the Lifecycle.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Active vaccine safety surveillance: Experience from a prospective cohort event monitoring study of COVID-19 vaccines in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- New COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in Spain: Optimizing for next seasons.Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica · 2025Review
- Nuvaxovid NVX-CoV2373 vaccine safety profile: real-world data evidence after 100,000 doses, Australia, 2022 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Observational
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on patients with congenital heart disease in England: a case-control study.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2024Article
- Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Long-term risk of autoimmune diseases after mRNA-based SARS-CoV2 vaccination in a Korean, nationwide, population-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Preliminary Report of Nationwide COVID-19 Vaccine Compensation in Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges-A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Rapid and Scalable Production of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) by a Stable HEK293 Cell Pool.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- RETRACTED: SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine intravenous administration induces myocarditis in chronic inflammation.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo summarise the available evidence on the risk of myocarditis and/or pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, compared with the risk among unvaccinated individuals in the absence of COVID-19 infection.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease), preprint repositories (medRxiv and bioRxiv), reference lists and grey literature were searched from 1 December 2020 until 31 October 2022. STUDY SELECTION: Epidemiological studies of individuals of any age who received at least one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, reported a risk of myo/pericarditis and compared the risk of myo/pericarditis to individuals who did not receive any dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently conducted screening and data extraction. The rate of myo/pericarditis among vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was recorded, and the rate ratios were calculated. Additionally, the total number of individuals, case ascertainment criteria, percentage of males and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were extracted for each study. Meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model.
resultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria, of which six were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our meta-analysis indicates that within 30-day follow-up period, vaccinated individuals were twice as likely to develop myo/pericarditis in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated individuals, with a rate ratio of 2.05 (95% CI 1.49-2.82).
conclusionAlthough the absolute number of observed myo/pericarditis cases remains quite low, a higher risk was detected in those who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations compared with unvaccinated individuals in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe illnesses, hospitalisations and deaths, future research should focus on accurately determining the rates of myo/pericarditis linked to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, understanding the biological mechanisms behind these rare cardiac events and identifying those most at risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.