Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37359377›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in genetics2023

Lipids as a key element of insect defense systems.

Anna Katarzyna Wrońska, Agata Kaczmarek, Mieczysława Irena Boguś, Anna Kuna

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
27.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Lipid Metabolism as a Target Site in Pest Control.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Insect Lipids: Structure, Classification and Function.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anna Katarzyna WrońskaMuseum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland.
Agata KaczmarekMuseum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland.
Mieczysława Irena BoguśMuseum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland.
Anna KunaIndependent Researcher, Warsaw, Poland.
Museum and Institute of Zoology · PLPolish Academy of Sciences · PLWitold Stefański Institute of Parasitology · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The relationship between insect pathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of a co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host: parasites evolve towards mechanisms that increase their advantage over the host, and the host increasingly strengthens its defenses. The present review summarizes the literature data describing the direct and indirect role of lipids as an important defense mechanism during fungal infection. Insect defense mechanisms comprise anatomical and physiological barriers, and cellular and humoral response mechanisms. The entomopathogenic fungi have the unique ability to digest the insect cuticle by producing hydrolytic enzymes with chitin-, lipo- and proteolytic activity; besides the oral tract, cuticle pays the way for fungal entry within the host. The key factor in insect resistance to fungal infection is the presence of certain types of lipids (free fatty acids, waxes or hydrocarbons) which can promote or inhibit fungal attachment to cuticle, and might also have antifungal activity. Lipids are considered as an important source of energy, and as triglycerides are stored in the fat body, a structure analogous to the liver and adipose tissue in vertebrates. In addition, the fat body plays a key role in innate humoral immunity by producing a range of bactericidal proteins and polypeptides, one of which is lysozyme. Energy derived from lipid metabolism is used by hemocytes to migrate to the site of fungal infection, and for phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation. One polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is used in the synthesis of eicosanoids, which play several crucial roles in insect physiology and immunology. Apolipoprotein III is important compound with antifungal activity, which can modulate insect cellular response and is considered as important signal molecule.

Indexed as

arachiadonic acid metabolitescuticlefungal infectionhemocyteinsect defense mechanismslipid

Identifiers

PMID37359377
PMCPMC10289264
OpenAlexW4380088869

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.