ReviewCell death discovery2023
Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human brain and memory.
Review in Cell death discovery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- In-hospital mortality among orthopedic trauma patients during and outside the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide population-based analysis of 2.67 million hospitalizations in Poland.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- The lung-brain axis: elucidating the mechanisms of pulmonary-driven neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Network Signatures of Oncogenicity in Virus-Human Protein-Protein Interactions.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Natural History of Self-reported Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Target Trial Emulation in a Prospective Community-Based Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Role of NRP1/HDAC4/CREB/RIPK1 Axis in SARS-CoV2 S1 Spike Subunit-Induced Neuronal Toxicity.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- New mouse model for inducible hACE2 expression enables to dissect SARS-CoV-2 pathology beyond the respiratory system.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: a review of the emerging evidence.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Neurobiology of COVID-19-Associated Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Implication of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Long-term neurocognitive outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- NRICM101 in combatting COVID-19 induced brain fog: Neuroprotective effects and neurovascular integrity preservation in hACE2 mice.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Article
- Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Is an Electricity-Driven Virus.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin and curcuminoids in SH-SY5Y cells infected by SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Advances in researches on long coronavirus disease in children: a narrative review.Translational pediatrics · 2024Review
- Unraveling the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein long-term effect on neuro-PASC.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Causal effect of COVID-19 on optic nerve and visual pathway disorders: genetic evidence of lung-brain axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Generation and characterization of a humanized ACE2 mouse model to study long-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have caused several waves of outbreaks. From the ancestral strain to Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved with the high transmissibility and increased immune escape against vaccines. Because of the multiple basic amino acids in the S1-S2 junction of spike protein, the widespread distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in human body and the high transmissibility, SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple organs and has led to over 0.7 billion infectious cases. Studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause more than 10% patients with the Long-COVID syndrome, including pathological changes in brains. This review mainly provides the molecular foundations for understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 invading human brain and the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection interfering with human brain and memory, which are associated with the immune dysfunction, syncytia-induced cell death, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, microclots and biopsychosocial aspects. We also discuss the strategies for reducing the Long-COVID syndrome. Further studies and analysis of shared researches will allow for further clarity regarding the long-term health consequences.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.