Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37385585›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2024

Association Between Marijuana Laws and Suicide Among 12- to 25-Year-Olds in the United States From 2000 to 2019.

Christopher J Hammond, J Madison Hyer, Anne E Boustead, Mary A Fristad, Danielle L Steelesmith, Guy N Brock, Deborah S Hasin, Cynthia A Fontanella

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Youth suicide crisis: identifying at-risk individuals and prevention strategies.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher J HammondJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: chammo20@jhmi.edu.
J Madison HyerThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Anne E BousteadUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Mary A FristadNationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Danielle L SteelesmithNationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
Guy N BrockThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Deborah S HasinColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.
Cynthia A FontanellaThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
Nationwide Children's Hospital · USThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · USColumbia University · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

The OSU Center for Clinical and Translational Science: Advancing Today's Discoveries to Improve HealthUL1TR002733 · NCATS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI RINGEL, MATTHEW D · 2018 to 2022
$28.9M
Impact of Recreational and Medical Marijuana legalization on cannabis use disorders, serious mental illness, and mortality outcomes among Medicaid enrolled youthR01DA058303 · NIDA · RESEARCH INST NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSP · PI Cynthia Ann Fontanella, Christopher J. Hammond · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Identifying Periods of High Risk and Predictors of Suicide for Youth in Public Child Serving SystemsR01MH117594 · NIMH · RESEARCH INST NATIONWIDE CHILDREN'S HOSP · PI BRIDGE, JEFFREY A, FONTANELLA, CYNTHIA ANN · 2018 to 2021
$1.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002733NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA058303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCannabis use is associated with suicide-related outcomes in both adolescents and adults, and may be increasing amid shifting cannabis policies. However, little is known about the impact of medical marijuana legalization (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) policies on youth suicide. Using 20 years of national data, we examined associations between MML, RML, and suicide-related mortality among US individuals aged 12 to 25 years, and assessed whether they varied based on age and sex.

methodSuicide deaths (N = 113,512) from the 2000-2019 National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death files for age groups 12 to 13, 14 to 16, 17 to 19, 20 to 22, and 23 to 25 years were examined in relation to time-varying cannabis law status using a staggered adoption difference-in-difference (DiD) approach with a negative binomial regression to determine associations between MML, RML, and suicide rates, controlling for individual- and state-level covariates and accounting for the varying effective dates of MML and RML by state.

resultsThe overall unadjusted annual suicide rate was 10.93/100,000, varying from 9.76 (states without marijuana laws (ML)) to 12.78 (MML states) to 16.68 (RML states). In multivariable analysis, both MML (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15) and RML (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) were associated with higher suicide rates among female youth compared to those in states without ML. Youth aged 14 to 16 years had higher rates of suicide in states with RML compared to states with MML (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) and states without ML (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20). Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses.

conclusionMML and RML were associated with increased suicide-related mortality in female youth and 14- to- 16-year-old individuals of both sexes. Mechanisms through which cannabis policies are related to increased youth suicide warrant further study and should inform legislative reform.

Indexed as

CannabisMedical MarijuanaAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceLegislation, DrugMaleUnited StatesMedical Marijuanaadolescentsmedical marijuana legislationrecreational marijuana legislationsex differencessuicide

Identifiers

PMID37385585
PMCPMC13051401
OpenAlexW4382052051

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.