ReviewGenes & diseases2023
Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: An effective strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.
Review in Genes & diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current gene therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanistic exploration of Traditional Chinese Medicine regulation on tumor immune microenvironment in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: based on CiteSpace and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- circZNF148 Drives Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming to Enhance Metastasis and Immune Evasion via HK1 Stabilization in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Assessment of Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Predicting Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Treatment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Distinct genomic and immunologic tumor evolution in germline TP53-driven breast cancers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: molecular mechanisms, spatial regulation, and therapeutic implications.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- FcγR-driven chimeric receptor T cells in cancer therapy: a novel frontier in antibody-guided immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Emerging immune checkpoint targets and combination strategies in blood cancer immunotherapy.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- JAK/STAT-mediated regulation of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immunotherapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Review
- The molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its implications in tumor immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Omics analysis reveals the prognostic value of IPCDS models and potential targets for immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- CD155 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Association with Immune Tumor Microenvironment.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Emerging Nanozyme Strategies for Precision Breast Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advances in Precision Oncology: From Molecular Profiling to Regulatory-Approved Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Uncovering regulatory B-cell features associated with regulatory T-cell expansion and global T-cell exhaustion in Waldenström macroglobulinemiaHemaSphere · 2025Article
- Co-Targeting PD-1 and IL-33/ST2 Pathways for Enhanced Acquired Anti-Tumor Immunity in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maintaining the balance between eliciting immune responses against foreign proteins and tolerating self-proteins is crucial for maintenance of homeostasis. The functions of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are to inhibit immune responses so that over-reacting immune cells does not cause any damage to its own body cells. However, cancer cells hijack this mechanism to attenuate immune cells functions and create an immunosuppressive environment that fuel their continuous growth and proliferation. Over the past few years' rapid development in cancer immunotherapy has opened a new avenue in cancer treatment. Blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 has become a potential strategy that rescue the functions of immune cells to fight against cancer with high efficacy. Initially, immune checkpoint monotherapies were not very successful, making breast cancer less immunogenic. Although, recent reports support the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer that make it favorable for PD-1/PD-L1 mediated immunotherapy, which is effective in PD-L1 positive patients. Recently, anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) and anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) gets FDA approval for breast cancer treatment and make PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is meaningful for further research. Likewise, this article gathered understanding of PD-1 and PD-L1 in recent years, their signaling networks, interaction with other molecules, regulations of their expressions and functions in both normal and tumor tissue microenvironments are crucial to find and design therapeutic agents that block this pathway and improve the treatment efficacy. Additionally, authors collected and highlighted most of the important clinical trial reports on monotherapy and combination therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.