ArticlePloS one2023
Association of reduced serum EGF and leptin levels with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Network Pharmacology Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Ketamine in Improving Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Depression.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Obesity and Depression Considering the Inflammatory Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Altered eotaxin-1 and interleukin-34 levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control observational study in Bangladesh.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Increased serum EGF but not SDF-1 levels are associated with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Repeated Acute Stress on Cortisol Awakening Response and Immune Function in Military Medical Students.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Serum levels of interleukin-33 and mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factors in patients with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional comparative design.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder before and after Supplementation with Vitamin D3.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Evaluation of serum MIP-1β and MCP-2 levels in major depressive disorder: A case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder having a very diverse course and causing a significant changes in daily life. Though the exact pathophysiology of depression is still not known, an alteration in the serum levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors was seen in MDD subjects. In this study, we compared the serum levels of 'pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin and neurotrophic factor EGF' in healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients. To make the findings more accurate, we eventually looked for a correlation between altered serum leptin and EGF levels and the severity of the disease condition.
methodsFor this case-control study, about 205 MDD patients were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, and about 195 HCs were enrolled from various parts of Dhaka. The DSM-5 was utilized to evaluate and diagnose the participants. The HAM-D 17 scale was used to measure the severity of depression. After collecting blood samples, they were centrifuged to produce clear serum samples. These serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure serum leptin and EGF levels.
resultsWe observed lowered serum EGF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (524.70 ± 27.25 pg/ml vs. 672.52 ± 49.64 pg/ml, p = 0.009), and HAM-D score was elevated in MDD patients compared to HCs (17.17 ± 0.56 vs. 2.49 ± 0.43, p<0.001). But no correlation was established between serum EGF levels and the severity of depression. However, no significant differences were observed between MDD patients and HCs in the case of serum leptin levels (p = 0.231).
conclusionOur study findings suggest that reduced serum EGF levels have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression. But as per our investigation, the severity of depression is not correlated with altered EGF levels. Our findings regarding the association of EGF with MDD would help to use EGF as a risk indicator of depression. We suggest further clinical investigations to determine the precise function of leptin and EGF in depression.
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