ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2023
Potential hidden Plasmodium vivax malaria reservoirs from low parasitemia Duffy-negative Ethiopians: Molecular evidence.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic variation in the Duffy blood group among vivax malaria patients and its impact on disease susceptibility.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Unlocking Ethiopia's genomic landscape and its global significance: a call for inclusive genomics research.Human genomics · 2026Review
- Article
- Spatial distribution of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein copy number variation and Duffy genotype, and their association with parasitemia in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Seasonal Dynamics of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Infections in Coendemic Low-Transmission Settings, South Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Duffy-Positive and Duffy-Negative Populations across Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Genetic differentiation of Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein in Ethiopia and comparison with other geographical isolates.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Profiling the antibody response of humans protected by immunization with Plasmodium vivax radiation-attenuated sporozoites.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and characteristics ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe interaction between the Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein and the corresponding Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is primarily responsible for the invasion of reticulocytes by P. vivax. The Duffy-negative host phenotype, highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by a single point mutation in the GATA-1 transcription factor binding site of the DARC gene promoter. The aim of this study was to assess the Duffy status of patients with P. vivax infection from different study sites in Ethiopia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2022 at five varying eco-epidemiological malaria endemic sites in Ethiopia. Outpatients who were diagnosed with P. vivax infection (pure and mixed P. vivax/P. falciparum) by microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) were subjected to PCR genotyping at the DARC promoter. The associations between P. vivax infection, host genotypes and other factors were evaluated.
resultIn total, 361 patients with P. vivax infection were included in the study. Patients with pure P. vivax infections accounted for 89.8% (324/361), while the remaining 10.2% (37/361) had mixed P. vivax/P. falciparum infections. About 95.6% (345/361) of the participants were Duffy-positives (21.2% homozygous and 78.8%, heterozygous) and 4.4% (16/361) were Duffy-negatives. The mean asexual parasite density in homozygous and heterozygous Duffy-positives was 12,165 p/μl (IQR25-75: 1,640-24,234 p/μl) and11,655 p/μl (IQR25-75: 1,676-14,065 p/μl), respectively, significantly higher than that in Duffy-negatives (1,227p/μl; IQR25-75: 539-1,732p/μl).
conclusionThis study confirms that Duffy-negativity does not provide complete protection against P. vivax infection. The development of P. vivax-specific elimination strategies, including alternative antimalarial vaccines should be facilitated by a better understanding of the epidemiological landscape of vivax malaria in Africa. More importantly, low parasitemia associated with P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative patients may represent hidden reservoirs of transmission in Ethiopia.
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