ArticlePloS one2023
Financial burden of heart failure in Malaysia: A perspective from the public healthcare system.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart failure: assessment of the global economic burden.European heart journal · 2025Pooled it
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEstimating and evaluating the economic burden of HF and its impact on the public healthcare system is necessary for devising improved treatment plans in the future. The present study aimed to determine the economic impact of HF on the public healthcare system.
methodThe annual cost of HF per patient was estimated using unweighted average and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Unweight average estimated the annual cost by considering all observed cases regardless of the availability of all the cost data, while IPW calculated the cost by weighting against inverse probability. The economic burden of HF was estimated for different HF phenotypes and age categories at the population level from the public healthcare system perspective.
resultsThe mean (standard deviation) annual costs per patient calculated using unweighted average and IPW were USD 5,123 (USD 3,262) and USD 5,217 (USD 3,317), respectively. The cost of HF estimated using two different approaches did not differ significantly (p = 0.865). The estimated cost burden of HF in Malaysia was USD 481.9 million (range: USD 31.7 million- 1,213.2 million) per year, which accounts for 1.05% (range: 0.07%-2.66%) of total health expenditure in 2021. The cost of managing patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) accounted for 61.1% of the total financial burden of HF in Malaysia. The annual cost burden increased from USD 2.8 million for patients aged 20-29 to USD 142.1 million for those aged 60-69. The cost of managing HF in patients aged 50-79 years contributed 74.1% of the total financial burden of HF in Malaysia.
conclusionA large portion of the financial burden of HF in Malaysia is driven by inpatient costs and HFrEF patients. Long-term survival of HF patients leads to an increase in the prevalence of HF, inevitably increasing the financial burden of HF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.