ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Lights and shadows on the use of metformin in pregnancy: from the preconception phase to breastfeeding and beyond.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin + Insulin vs. Insulin for GDM and T2DM during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Metformin use in gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the risk of small for gestational age.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic Reprogramming at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: Insights from Decidual Stromal Cells and Trophoblasts in Healthy Pregnancy Versus Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Causal Association between Arm Fat, Left Leg Fat, and Trunk Fat Masses and Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- The Impact of Advanced Maternal Age on Pregnancy Complications and Neonatal Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond the skin: endocrine, psychological and nutritional aspects in women with hidradenitis suppurativa.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Metformin modulates oxidative stress via activation of AMPK/NF-κB signaling in Trisomy 21 fibroblasts: anFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Bushen Huoxue Formula Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Reproductive Function in Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Experimental Study Based on the Integration of Sports and Medicine.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Regulatory Mechanism and Drug Therapy of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Research Status and Prospect.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- AMPK Phosphorylates LMX1b to Regulate a Brainstem Neurogenic Network Important for Control of Breathing in Neonatal Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Exploring Promising Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Preeclampsia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During pregnancy, the complex hormonal changes lead to a progressive decrease of insulin sensitivity that can drive the onset of gestational diabetes (GDM) or worsen an already-known condition of insulin resistance like type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and obesity, with complications for the mother and the fetus. Metformin during pregnancy is proving to be safe in a growing number of studies, although it freely crosses the placenta, leading to a fetal level similar to maternal concentration. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the main available evidence on the use of metformin during, throughout, and beyond pregnancy, including fertilization, lactation, and medium-term effects on offspring. Analyzed studies support the safety and efficacy of metformin during pregnancy. In pregnant women with GDM and type 2 diabetes, metformin improves obstetric and perinatal outcomes. There is no evidence that it prevents GDM in women with pregestational insulin resistance or improves lipid profile and risk of GDM in pregnant women with PCOS or obesity. Metformin could have a role in reducing the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with severe obesity, the risk of late miscarriages and preterm delivery in women with PCOS, and the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, increasing the clinical pregnancy rate in women with PCOS undergoing
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.