ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2023
Effect of DMARDs on the immunogenicity of vaccines.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07280741 (Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of the Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of the Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine (RZV) in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Under Immunomodulators
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination Drives Memory T- and B-cell Responses in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Transplantation · 2024Trial
- Vaccination considerations in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Review
- From extrapolation to evidence: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) safety and immunogenicity in adolescents with juvenile immune-mediated inflammatory disease.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the HALP index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis: A laboratory-based multivariate analysis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- COVID-19 boosters restore virus-specific immune responses in kidney transplant recipients unresponsive to primary vaccination.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: Emerging Drug Therapies and Innovations.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Prospective SARS-CoV-2 additional vaccination in immunosuppressant-treated individuals with autoimmune diseases in a randomized controlled trial.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Where Do We Stand in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Ahead of EULAR/ACR 2025?Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Secondary antibody deficiencies: what's around the corner?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Disease (COVAD) study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Secondary Immunodeficiency and Vaccine Response in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis on Immunosuppressive Medicines.Cureus · 2024Article
- Dengue severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients under treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressants in dermatology on vaccine immunogenicity: a prospective cohort study of pemphigus patients in the pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- 4th booster-dose SARS-CoV-2 heterologous and homologous vaccination in rheumatological patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases versus family controls: a multi-city cross-sectional survey.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Estimation of Genetic Correlation Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis Using Summary Statistics from Genome-Wide Association Studies.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2023Article
- Vaccination in the Era of Immunosuppression.Vaccines · 2023Review
- State-of-the-Art Review: Vaccination in Pediatric Dermatology Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive or Immunomodulatory Therapy: A Review.Pediatric dermatologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccines are important for protecting individuals at increased risk of severe infections, including patients undergoing DMARD therapy. However, DMARD therapy can also compromise the immune system, leading to impaired responses to vaccination. This Review focuses on the impact of DMARDs on influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, as such vaccines have been investigated most thoroughly. Various data suggest that B cell depletion therapy, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and abatacept substantially reduce the immunogenicity of these vaccines. However, the effects of glucocorticoids, methotrexate, TNF inhibitors and JAK inhibitors on vaccine responses remain unclear and could depend on the dosage and type of vaccination. Vaccination is aimed at initiating robust humoral and cellular vaccine responses, which requires efficient interactions between antigen-presenting cells, T cells and B cells. DMARDs impair these cells in different ways and to different degrees, such as the prevention of antigen-presenting cell maturation, alteration of T cell differentiation and selective inhibition of B cell subsets, thus inhibiting processes that are necessary for an effective vaccine response. Innovative modified vaccination strategies are needed to improve vaccination responses in patients undergoing DMARD therapy and to protect these patients from the severe outcomes of infectious diseases.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.