Evidence mapPaperPMID 37439017Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2025

Association of Smartphone-Based Activity Tracking and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes.

Daphne Gardner, Hong Chang Tan, Gek Hsiang Lim, May Zin Oo, Xiaohui Xin, Andrew Kingsworth, Pratik Choudhary, Suresh Rama Chandran

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Daphne GardnerDepartment of Endocrinology, Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Hong Chang TanDepartment of Endocrinology, Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Gek Hsiang LimHealth Sciences Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
May Zin OoMedicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Xiaohui XinHealth Sciences Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Andrew KingsworthDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Pratik ChoudharyDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7635-4735
Suresh Rama ChandranDepartment of Endocrinology, Academia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-5944-4886
Singapore General Hospital · SGUniversity of Leicester · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) remains a major burden for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Daytime physical activity (PA) increases the risk of NH. This pilot study tested whether cumulative daytime PA measured using a smartphone-based step tracker was associated with NH.

methodsAdults with T1D for ≥ 5 years (y) on multiple daily insulin or continuous insulin infusion, not using continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c 6 to 10% wore blinded Freestyle Libre Pro sensors and recorded total daily carbohydrate (TDC) and total daily dose (TDD) of insulin. During this time, daily step count (DSC) was tracked using the smartphone-based Fitbit MobileTrack application. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of DSC on NH (sensor glucose <70, <54 mg/dl for ≥15 minutes), while adjusting for TDC and TDD of insulin, and treating participants as a random effect.

resultsTwenty-six adults, with 65.4% females, median age 27 years (interquartile range: 26-32) mean body mass index 23.9 kg/m

conclusionDaily PA measured by a smartphone-based step tracker was associated with the risk of NH in people with type 1 diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1ExerciseFitness TrackersHypoglycemiaSmartphoneAdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMobile ApplicationsBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinactivity trackingcontinuous glucose monitoring type 1 diabetesexercisenocturnal hypoglycemiasmartphone

Identifiers

PMID37439017
PMCPMC11873899
OpenAlexW4384126865

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.