ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Pentoxifylline Inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway and
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of pentoxifylline on serum levels and gene expression of inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pentoxifylline in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with mesalamine by modulation of IL-6/STAT3, ZO-1, and S1P pathways: a randomized controlled double-blinded study.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Quercetin enhances the renoprotective effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cellular apoptosis via modulation of GRP75/CHOP/Bax/Bcl2 pathway.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Effects of Pentoxifylline on Peri-Implant Capsule Cellularity and Thickness: A Controlled Experimental Study in a Rat Silicone Implant Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SERPINE1 in ARDS: an emerging regulator of inflammation-coagulation-fibrinolysis crosstalk.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Protective effect of pentoxifylline against high-glucose-induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Article
- TNF-α modulates cell proliferation via SOX4/TGF-β/Smad signaling in benign prostatic hyperplasia.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Advances in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Degenerative Aortic Valve Disease.Cardiology research · 2025Review
- The Role of Redox Environment in Tumors.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Special Issue: "Molecular Signatures of Gynecological Cancers-Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Endometrial Cancer 2.0".International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Carbon Nanodots Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Endothelial Inflammation through Scavenging Hydrogen Peroxide and Upregulating Antioxidant Gene Expression in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common and deadly types of female cancer worldwide. Late diagnosis in CC increases the risk of tumor cells spreading to distant organs (metastasis). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process of cancer metastasis. Inflammation can lead to tumor progression, EMT induction, and metastasis. The inflammatory microenvironment is a potent inducer of EMT; inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) activate transcriptional factors such as STAT3, Snail, Smad, and the Nuclear Factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated beta cells (NF-κΒ), which drive EMT. Anti-inflammatory compounds may be an option in the disruption of EMT. PenToXifylline (PTX) possesses potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB activity. In addition, PTX exerts an anti-fibrotic effect by decreasing Smad2/3/4. We hypothesize that PTX could exert anti-EMT effects. CaSki human cervical tumor cells were exposed to TNF-α 10 ng/mL and TGF-β1 alone or in combination for 5 days. Our results revealed that TNF-α and TGF-β1 induced N-cadherin and Vimentin, confirming the induction of EMT. Furthermore, the combination of cytokines synergized the expression of mesenchymal proteins, enhanced IκBα and p65 phosphorylation, and upregulated Serpin family E member 1 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.