RevieweNeurologicalSci2023
Secondary headaches - red and green flags and their significance for diagnostics.
Review in eNeurologicalSci, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Migraine-like headaches: a systematic review of secondary etiologies, clinical features and therapeutic patterns (1977-2024).The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Hallmarks of headache disorders: part 5 - secondary headaches.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Post-stroke headache: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 4 - rare headache syndromes.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- "NÃO É PRIMÁRIA": a Portuguese version of the SNNOOP10 mnemonic.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Menopause, Perimenopause, and Migraine: Understanding the Intersections and Implications for Treatment.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Serial systemic immune inflammation indices: markers of acute migraine events or indicators of persistent inflammatory status?The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Transverse Sinus Stenosis as an Underdiagnosed Cause of Chronic Headache: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Effects of OnabotulinumtoxinA on Allodynia and Interictal Burden of Patients with Chronic Migraine.Toxins · 2024Article
- Chinese medicine for headaches in emergency department: a retrospective analysis of real-world electronic medical records.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Letter to the Editor: Frequency of Visual Aura in Non-Migraine Headache Strongly Depends on the Underlying Pathophysiology.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Symptoms in Hypertensive Patients Presented to the Emergency Medical Service: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis in Clinical Settings.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A small percentage of patients suffer from a secondary headache syndrome. It is imperative that clinicians are able to differentiate primary headache syndromes from secondary headache syndromes, as failure to do so significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in our understanding of pathobiological mechanisms offer useful information on these enigmatic disorders. We now understand that the causes of secondary headache syndromes can vary significantly - these may be infectious, inflammatory, vascular, traumatic or structural in origin. A well-taken history and targeted physical examination coupled with appropriate investigations can enable these syndromes to be recognized consistently and thus allow their timely and appropriate treatment. Along with their epidemiology, some of their key characteristics shall thus be discussed in this review so as to aid the busy clinician at the bedside. Red flags including sudden onset, high pain intensity, pattern of change of a preexisting headache, focal neurological signs or seizure, systemic signs and precipitation by physical activity can guide the clinician to suspect a secondary headache. Importantly a preexisting headache is not an exclusion of a secondary headache - it might even be a predisposition in certain cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.