ArticleParasites & vectors2023
Allergic reactions to tick saliva components in zebrafish model.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Public perspectives on tick bite exposure, healthcare visits and associated allergies in iberia.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Allergic reactions associated with tsetse fly bites.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Pre-clinical strategies and emerging technologies driving advances in the alpha-gal syndrome.Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · 2025Review
- Is Zebrafish a Good Model for the Alpha-Gal Syndrome?FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Tick salivary proteins metalloprotease and allergen-like p23 are associated with response to glycan α-Gal and mycobacterium infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transcriptomics insights into the functional role of tick Ixodes ricinus proteins metalloprotease and antigen p23.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tick saliva protein fraction inhibits breast cancer by decreasing cell viability and promoting apoptosis in vitro.PloS one · 2025Article
- Catastrophic selection: the other side of the coin.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Allergic reactions associated with medically relevant arthropods.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne food allergy caused by IgE antibodies against the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from mammalian meat. To advance in the diagnosis and treatment of AGS, further research is needed to unravel the molecular and immune mechanisms underlying this syndrome. The objective of this study is the characterization of tick salivary components and proteins with and without α-Gal modifications involved in modulating human immune response against this carbohydrate.
methodsProtein and α-Gal content were determined in tick saliva components, and proteins were identified by proteomics analysis of tick saliva fractions. Pathophysiological changes were recorded in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model after exposure to distinct Ixodes ricinus tick salivary components. Serum samples were collected from zebrafish at day 8 of exposure to determine anti-α-Gal, anti-glycan, and anti-tick saliva protein IgM antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsZebrafish treated with tick saliva and saliva protein fractions combined with non-protein fractions demonstrated significantly higher incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions, abnormal behavioral patterns, or mortality when compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. The main tick salivary proteins identified in these fractions with possible functional implication in AGS were the secreted protein B7P208-salivary antigen p23 and metalloproteases. Anti-α-Gal and anti-tick salivary gland IgM antibody titers were significantly higher in distinct saliva protein fractions and deglycosylated saliva group when compared with PBS-treated controls. Anti-glycan antibodies showed group-related profiles.
conclusionsResults support the hypothesis that tick salivary biomolecules with and without α-Gal modifications are involved in modulating immune response against this carbohydrate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.