ArticleBioscience reports2023
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: a neglected therapeutic target of COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunotherapy.
Article in Bioscience reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of amino acid profiles among COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Quinolinic acid as trigger/biomarker of dysosmia/dysgeusia in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case-control study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Dynamic Factor Analysis for Sparse and Irregular Longitudinal Data: An Application to Metabolite Measurements in a COVID-19 Study.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative urinary metabolomics reveals unique and shared pathways in COVID-19 and liver diseases.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Kynurenic acid signaling expands in human and nonhuman primates and impairs dorsolateral prefrontal cortical cognition that is key to mental illness.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Transcriptome changes in circulating immune cells of critical COVID-19 patients predict a specific metabolic and epigenetic imprint.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Long COVID as a network disorder: a mechanism-anchored framework for biological stratification and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory mechanisms underlying early Alzheimer's disease pathology: evidence from the aging rhesus macaque brain.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Arginine depletion-induced autophagy and metabolic dysregulation are involved in the disease severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease.Virulence · 2025Article
- Hepatic Metabolic Dysregulation as a Potential Amplifier of Leukemogenesis Following mRNA Vaccination: A Novel Mechanistic Hypothesis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Impact of gastrointestinal dysbiosis on tryptophan metabolism and neurological cancer progression.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Stress and Inflammation Target Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Function: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Weakened Cognitive Control.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling in COVID-19 pathology and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Maple syrup urine disease diagnosed in a resource-limited setting in an infant in Nepal: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Metabolomics Reveal Key Metabolic Pathway Responses to Anxiety State Regulated by Serotonin inMetabolites · 2024Article
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exerts profound changes in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism that may underpin its pathophysiology. The KP is the main source of the vital cellular effector NAD+ and intermediate metabolites that modulate immune and neuronal functions. Trp metabolism is the top pathway influenced by COVID-19. Sixteen studies established virus-induced activation of the KP mediated mainly by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in most affected tissues and of IDO2 in lung by the increased release of proinflammatory cytokines but could additionally involve increased flux of plasma free Trp and induction of Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) by cortisol. The major Kyn metabolite targeted by COVID-19 is kynurenic acid (KA), the Kyn metabolite with the greatest affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is also activated by COVID-19. AhR activation initiates two important series of events: a vicious circle involving IDO1 induction, KA accumulation and further AhR activation, and activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) leading to NAD+ depletion and cell death. The virus further deprives the host of NAD+ by inhibiting its main biosynthetic pathway from quinolinic acid, while simultaneously acquiring NAD+ by promoting its synthesis from nicotinamide in the salvage pathway. Additionally, the protective effects of sirtuin 1 are minimised by the PARP activation. KP dysfunction may also underpin the mood and neurological disorders acutely and during 'long COVID'. More studies of potential effects of vaccination therapy on the KP are required and exploration of therapeutic strategies involving modulation of the KP changes are proposed.
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