ArticleNature food2023
Forced labour risk is pervasive in the US land-based food supply.
Article in Nature food, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Towards a More Holistic Comparative Assessment of Plant-Based Alternative Beverages and Dairy Milk: A True Cost Accounting Approach.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern in the United States is associated with sustainability trade-offs.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Diets cannot be sustainable without ensuring the well-being of communities, workers and animals in food value chains.Nature food · 2024Review
- Sustainability in Global Agri-Food Supply Chains: Insights from a Comprehensive Literature Review and the ABCDE Framework.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Augmenting the National Nutrition Data System to Promote Diet Sustainability Analyses.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Modeled sustainability impacts of increasing pork consumption among adults in the United States.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Foodprint 2.0: A computational simulation model that estimates the agricultural resource requirements of diet patterns.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Social risk assessments and case studies of labour conditions in food production primarily focus on specific subpopulations, regions and commodities. To date, research has not systematically assessed labour conditions against international standards across diverse, complex food products. Here we combine data on production, trade, labour intensity and qualitative risk coding to quantitatively assess the risk of forced labour embedded in the US land-based food supply, building on our previous assessment of fruits and vegetables. We demonstrate that animal-based proteins, processed fruits and vegetables, and discretionary foods are major contributors to forced labour risk and that 62% of total forced labour risk stems from domestic production or processing. Our findings reveal the widespread risk of forced labour present in the US food supply and the necessity of collaborative action across all countries-high, middle and low income-to eliminate reliance on labour exploitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.