Evidence mapPaperPMID 37501366Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes science and technology2025

Treatment Satisfaction and Well-Being With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 1 Diabetes: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial.

Daniel Pylov, William Polonsky, Henrik Imberg, Helen Holmer, Jarl Hellman, Magnus Wijkman, Jan Bolinder, Tim Heisse, Sofia Dahlqvist, Thomas Nyström and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.

Daniel PylovDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
William PolonskyBehavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9064-6144
Henrik ImbergChalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Helen HolmerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Centralsjukhuset, Kristianstad, Sweden.
Jarl HellmanDepartment of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6187-5511
Magnus WijkmanDepartment of Internal Medicine and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
Jan BolinderDepartment of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Tim HeisseProfil, Neuss, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8346-2037
Sofia DahlqvistDepartment of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden.
Thomas NyströmDepartment of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Erik SchwarzDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden.
Irl HirschSchool of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1675-8417
Marcus LindDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3796-9283
Sahlgrenska University Hospital · SECentralsjukhuset Kristianstad · SEChalmers University of Technology · SEKarolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SELinköping University · SENU Hospital Group · SEÖrebro University · SEProfil Institute for Metabolic Research · DEUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Washington · USUppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe GOLD trial demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) improved not only glucose control but also overall well-being and treatment satisfaction. This analysis investigated which factors contributed to improved well-being and treatment satisfaction with CGM.

methodsThe GOLD trial was a randomized crossover trial comparing CGM versus self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) over 16 months. Endpoints included well-being measured by the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and treatment satisfaction by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) as well as glucose metrics. Multivariable R

resultsA total of 139 participants were included. Multivariable analyses revealed that increased convenience and flexibility contributed to 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 50%-69%) of the improvement in treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire

conclusionsWhile CGM improves glucose control in people with T1D on MDI, increased convenience and flexibility through CGM is of even greater importance for treatment satisfaction and patient well-being. These CGM-mediated effects should be taken into account when considering CGM initiation.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCross-Over StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinPatient SatisfactionAdultContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinCGMSMDIquality of lifeSMBGtreatment satisfactiontype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID37501366
PMCPMC11688678
OpenAlexW4385330429

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.