ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Low Glucose plus β-Hydroxybutyrate Induces an Enhanced Inflammatory Response in Yak Alveolar Macrophages via Activating the GPR109A/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping research landscapes: a bibliometric and visual analysis of ketogenic diet interventions in liver health (2013-2024).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- GPR109a-AMPK axis mediates the Attenuation of uric acid-induced M1 macrophage polarization by β-hydroxybutyrate from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus M2b.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Glutamine alleviates feed restriction-induced barrier function injury in yak rumen epithelium.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- Article
- Crosstalk between macrophages and immunometabolism and their potential roles in tissue repair and regeneration.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Development and characterization of an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line to explore airway physiology and pathology in yak (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Yaks are often subject to long-term starvation and a high prevalence of respiratory diseases and mortality in the withered season, yet the mechanisms that cause this remain unclear. Research has demonstrated that β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) plays a significant role in regulating the immune system. Hence, we hypothesize that the low glucose and high BHB condition induced by severe starvation might have an effect on the pro-inflammatory response of the alveolar macrophages (AMs) in yaks. To validate our hypothesis, we isolated and identified primary AMs from freshly slaughtered yaks and cultured them in a medium with 5.5 mM of glucose or 2.8 mM of glucose plus 1-4 mM of BHB. Utilizing a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunoblot assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we evaluated the gene and protein expression levels of GPR109A (G-protein-coupled receptor 109A), NF-κB p65, p38, and PPARγ and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the supernatant. The results demonstrated that AMs exposed to low glucose plus BHB had significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.