ReviewNutrients2023
Linoleic Acid: A Narrative Review of the Effects of Increased Intake in the Standard American Diet and Associations with Chronic Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary and circulating omega-6 fatty acids and their impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, and mortality: a global meta-analysis of 150 cohorts and meta-regression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Multi-Omics Reveals the Effects of Processing on Chemical Composition of Different Vegetable Oils.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cotoneaster lacteus: Experimental Characterization and Mechanistic Insights from Biological Assays, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Lipid-lowering activity of mulberry seed unsaturated fatty acids: integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Review
- Promising effects of topical sunflower seed oil, rich in linoleic acid, in infants with severe acute malnutrition.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Revisiting Bill Lands' Hypotheses: HUFA Balance, Immuno-Metabolic Regulation, and Conflicting Clinical Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Review
- LifelongNutrients · 2026Article
- Content of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoids in Muscle and Intestinal Tissue of C57BL/6 Mice Subjected to Long-Term Caloric Restriction.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Identification of novel fatty acid-binding protein 4 polymorphisms and association of g.5002C>T with longissimus dorsi thickness in Indonesian Bali cattle (Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Age differences in endocannabinoid tone are ameliorated after recent cannabis use.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neurobiological Consequences of High-Fat High-Sugar Diets on the Mesocorticolimbic System: a Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Fatty acids alter to the toxicity of islet amyloid polypeptide aggregates in a length and saturation dependent manner.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Characterization of Unripe Pistacia atlantica Oil: Fatty Acid Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Associated Health Indices.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Integrated serum metabolomics reveals severity-associated exploratory metabolic signatures in burn patients.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Sustainable Valorization of Crickets: Optimized Low-Pressure Supercritical COFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fatty liver reexamined choline and mitochondrial toxin amelioration.World journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Optimizing Membrane Composition With C15 and Choline: A Novel Hypothesis to Mitigate Cancer Risk.Cureus · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intake of linoleic acid (LA) has increased dramatically in the standard American diet. LA is generally promoted as supporting human health, but there exists controversy regarding whether the amount of LA currently consumed in the standard American diet supports human health. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie the hypothesis that excessive LA intake may harm human health. While LA is considered to be an essential fatty acid and support health when consumed in modest amounts, an excessive intake of LA leads to the formation of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs), impairments in mitochondrial function through suboptimal cardiolipin composition, and likely contributes to many chronic diseases that became an epidemic in the 20th century, and whose prevalence continues to increase. The standard American diet comprises 14 to 25 times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids, with the majority of omega-6 intake coming from LA. As LA consumption increases, the potential for OXLAM formation also increases. OXLAMs have been associated with various illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. Lowering dietary LA intake can help reduce the production and accumulation of OXLAMs implicated in chronic diseases. While there are other problematic components in the standard American diet, the half-life of LA is approximately two years, which means the damage can be far more persistent than other dietary factors, and the impact of reducing excessive LA intake takes time. Therefore, additional research-evaluating approaches to reduce OXLAM formation and cardiolipin derangements following LA consumption are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.