Trial reportViruses2023
Oral Probenecid for Nonhospitalized Adults with Symptomatic Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19.
Trial report in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Drug repurposing against viral infections (2020-2025): clinical trials, computational strategies, and therapeutic interventions.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Probenecid is a dual-acting antiviral/anti-inflammatory therapy for diverse respiratory viruses.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Human Metapneumovirus: A Narrative Review on Emerging Strategies for Prevention and Treatment.Viruses · 2025Review
- The MAPK Response to Virus Infection Is Modified by Probenecid.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Probenecid Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs).Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms of probenecid for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV co-infection: findings of system pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-activity relationship.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Probenecid Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Regulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Probenecid Inhibits Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Replication In Vitro and in BALB/c Mice.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Screening Drugs for Broad-Spectrum, Host-Directed Antiviral Activity: Lessons from the Development of Probenecid for COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Probenecid is an orally bioavailable, uricosuric agent that was first approved in 1951 for the treatment of gout, but was later found to have potent, broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose-range finding study in non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either 500 mg of probenecid, 1000 mg of probenecid, or a matching placebo every 12 h for five days. The patients' COVID-19 viral load hospitalization, or death from any cause through day 28, as well as safety, were evaluated. COVID-19-related symptoms were assessed at baseline, and on days 3, 5, 10, 15, and 28. The primary endpoints of the study were time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 viral test (or viral clearance) and the proportion of patients that were symptom-free at day 5. A total of 75 patients were randomized, with 25 patients in each group. All of the patients completed the study as planned with no hospitalizations or deaths being reported. The median time to viral clearance was significantly shorter for the probenecid 1000 mg group than for placebo (7 days vs. 11 days, respectively;
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.