ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2023
Post-COVID-19 Syndrome 2 Years After the First Wave: The Role of Humoral Response, Vaccination and Reinfection.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptom Trajectories and Clinical Subtypes in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Systematic Review and Clustering Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms in India: Prevalence, risk factors, and persistence.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Differential Factors Associated With the Presence of Persistent Symptoms in Individuals Diagnosed With Long COVID: Protocol for a Longitudinal Matched Case-Control Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Observational
- Prevalence of severe fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Norway: a prospective 2-year follow-up study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Multi-systemic risk of post-acute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome and low-grade inflammation: exploring gender and occupational inequalities in a retrospective cohort study.International health · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome as Described by Patients: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pulmonary manifestations of long COVID in Johannesburg, South Africa.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Persistent pulmonary impairment after 2 years of COVID-19 infection: An observational study.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2024Article
- Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with Long COVID syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Lessons learnt while designing and conducting a longitudinal study from the first Italian COVID-19 pandemic wave up to 3 years.Health research policy and systems · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to describe the long-term evolution of post-COVID-19 syndrome over 2 years after the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in survivors of the first wave. Methods: This prospective study was based on interviews and investigated post-COVID-19 syndrome 6, 12, and 24 months after the disease onset in all adult in- and outpatients with COVID-19 followed at Udine Hospital (Italy) during the first wave (March-May 2020). Humoral response, vaccination status, and reinfection were assessed. Results: Overall, 230 patients (53.5% female; mean age 54.7 years) were interviewed 2.3 years (standard deviation = 0.11) after acute onset. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was observed in 36.1% of patients (n = 83) at 2 years. The most common persistent symptoms were fatigue (14.4%), rheumatological (14.4%), and psychiatric symptoms (9.6%). Overall, 55.4% (46 of 83) of long haulers searched for healthcare system support and 21 (45.7%) were visited by a specialist. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.50, Conclusions: Two years after COVID-19, the burden of persistent symptoms remains high among in- and outpatients' population infected during the first wave. Post-COVID-19 dynamic does not seem to be influenced by SARS-CoV-2 immunization status and reinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.