Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37534058›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2023

Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Model.

Mustafa K Shehata, Assem A Ismail, Maher A Kamel

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Spectroscopic Characterization UsingMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mustafa K ShehataDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-7238-9017
Assem A IsmailDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Maher A KamelDepartment of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-6791-9850
Alexandria University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have a disease modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded with donepezil and astaxanthin (DPL/AST-NLCs) and evaluate their in vivo efficacy in an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods: DPL/AST-NLCs were prepared using a hot high-shear homogenization technique, in vitro examined for their physicochemical parameters and in vivo evaluated. AD induction in rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the brain of rats for biochemical testing and histopathological examination. Results: DPL/AST-NLCs showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 ± 0.017, zeta potential -33.7 ± 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 ±1.98% (donepezil) and 93.85 ±1.75% (astaxanthin), in vitro sustained release of both donepezil and astaxanthin for 24 h, spherical morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and they were stable at 4-8 ± 2°C for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that donepezil and astaxanthin were molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state. The DPL/AST-NLC-treated rats showed significantly lower levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, amyloid beta (Aβ Conclusion: Nose-to-brain delivery of DPL/AST-NLCs is a promising strategy for the management of AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseNanostructuresAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsAntioxidantsBrainDonepezilDrug CarriersLipidsParticle SizeRatsXanthophyllsAmyloid beta-PeptidesAntioxidantsastaxanthineDonepezilDrug CarriersLipidsXanthophyllsAlzheimer’s diseaseastaxanthindonepezilintranasal deliverynanostructured lipid carriers

Identifiers

PMID37534058
PMCPMC10391537
OpenAlexW4385267779

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.