ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2023
An individualized approach to the management of Cushing disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery in nelson's syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis.Pituitary · 2025Pooled it
- Osilodrostat treatment in patients with Cushing's disease of Asian or non-Asian origin: a pooled analysis of two Phase III randomized trials (LINC 3 and LINC 4).Endocrine journal · 2024Trial
- Hydrogel-based lineage-specific gene therapy prevents recurrence of corticotroph tumors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- The Potential Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cushing's Disease.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Update and Practical Recommendations for the Use of Medical Treatment of Cushing Syndrome.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Sex-related differences in healthcare utilization and costs among patients with pituitary adenomas.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Impact of sex on mortality in patients with pituitary adenomas.Pituitary · 2026Review
- The roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of glucocorticoids in glucose and lipid metabolism.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- A retrospective study of severity-dependent HPG Axis suppression by glucocorticoids in Chinese women with Cushing syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Pediatric ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma presenting with hypertension and anuria.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Rare collision tumors: ACTH-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor and pituicytoma - histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Chronotherapy With Once-Daily Osilodrostat Improves Cortisol Rhythm, Quality of Life, and Sleep in Cushing's Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Pituitary incidentaloma: a Pituitary Society international consensus guideline statement.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- A bibliometric analysis of Cushing's disease and magnetic resonance imaging: history, research hotspots, and emerging trends.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- A core outcome set for pituitary surgery research: an international delphi consensus study.Pituitary · 2025Article
- The prevalence and predictors of Cushing disease recurrence: a 10-year experience of a pituitary tumor center of excellence.Endocrine · 2025Article
- A Prospective Trial With Ketoconazole Induction Therapy and Octreotide Maintenance Treatment for Cushing's Disease.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Specific focus on the basal dura for improving Cushing's disease surgery: a cohort study.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Management of Cushing's disease in the initial phase~From detection to surgery~.Endocrine journal · 2025Review
- Osilodrostat Treatment of Cushing Syndrome in Real-World Clinical Practice: Findings From the ILLUSTRATE study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cushing disease caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma leads to hypercortisolaemia with high mortality due to metabolic, cardiovascular, immunological, neurocognitive, haematological and infectious conditions. The disorder is challenging to diagnose because of its common and heterogenous presenting features and the biochemical pitfalls of testing levels of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Several late-night salivary cortisol and 24-h urinary free cortisol tests are usually required as well as serum levels of cortisol after a dexamethasone suppression test. MRI might only identify an adenoma in 60-75% of patients and many adenomas are small. Therefore, inferior petrosal sinus sampling remains the gold standard for confirmation of ACTH secretion from a pituitary source. Initial treatment is usually transsphenoidal adenoma resection, but preoperative medical therapy is increasingly being used in some countries and regions. Other management approaches are required if Cushing disease persists or recurs following surgery, including medications to modulate ACTH or block cortisol secretion or actions, pituitary radiation, and/or bilateral adrenalectomy. All patients require lifelong surveillance for persistent comorbidities, clinical and biochemical recurrence, and treatment-related adverse effects (including development of treatment-associated hypopituitarism). In this Review, we discuss challenges in the management of Cushing disease in adults and provide information to guide clinicians when planning an integrated and individualized approach for each patient.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.