SynthesisClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2023
Day and night heart rate variability using 24-h ECG recordings: a systematic review with meta-analysis using a gender lens.
Synthesis in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement.Psychophysiology · 2024Guideline
- Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, Heart Rate Variability, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Signal Complexity During Neurointensive Care after Decompressive Craniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Article
- Resting State Heart Rate Variability in Depression: An Introductory Narrative Review of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Decreased Heart Rate Variability Is Associated with Increased Fatigue Across Different Medical Populations: A Systematic Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- The impact of telework allowance and utilization on physiological and perceived stress among Swedish white-collar workers.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- Inter-day reliability of heart rate complexity and variability metrics in healthy highly active younger and older adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIncreasing evidence demonstrates that gender-related factors, and not only biological sex, are relevant in the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, including the cardiac autonomic regulation. Sex and gender may also affect daytime and night-time cardiac autonomic control. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a comparison between healthy women and men on heart rate variability using 24-h ECG recordings pointing out sex- and gender-related factors.
methodsA systematic search was conducted to include studies focusing on both sex and gender differences related to heart rate variability indices in the time and frequency domains. Descriptive data were extracted by two independent reviewers. For each index, standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were computed and a pooled estimate using a fixed- or random-effects model was applied.
resultsTwenty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that only seven studies reported some information about gender-related factors. Concerning sex-related differences, women had a shorter mean RR interval and lower variability of the time domain indices than men. Sex-related differences concerning frequency domain indices were more evident during night-time compared to daytime.
conclusionThe characterization of gender-related factors in the study of heart rate variability using 24-h ECG recordings is still sporadic and underexplored. The meta-analysis results could not conclusively support a significant increase of high frequency power in women, although women showed a reduced total power and low frequency to high frequency ratio. There is a strong need for considering heart rate variability in relation to gender-related variables.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.