SynthesisActa diabetologica2023
The effect of personalized intelligent digital systems for self-care training on type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Synthesis in Acta diabetologica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Use of digital self-care solutions for diabetes long-term management: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- A systematic review of strategies in digital technologies for motivating adherence to chronic illness self-care.npj health systems · 2025Article
- A Novel Digital Intervention to Facilitate Diabetes Self-Management Among People with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Development and Acceptability Testing of SMART.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Measuring electronic health literacy in the context of diabetes care: psychometric evaluation of a Persian version of the condition-specific eHealth literacy scale for diabetes.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
- Patient-Engaged AI: The Nursing Path to Health Equity.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising worldwide. Self-care prevents diabetic complications. Lack of knowledge is one reason patients fail at self-care. Intelligent digital health (IDH) solutions have a promising role in training self-care behaviors based on patients' needs. This study reviews the effects of RCTs offering individualized self-care training systems for T2D patients.
methodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases were searched. The included RCTs provided data-driven, individualized self-care training advice for T2D patients. Due to the repeated studies measurements, an all-time-points meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the trends over time. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used for quality assessment.
resultsIn total, 22 trials met the inclusion criteria, and 19 studies with 3071 participants were included in the meta-analysis. IDH interventions led to a significant reduction of HbA1c level in the intervention group at short-term (in the third month: SMD = - 0.224 with 95% CI - 0.319 to - 0.129, p value < 0.0; in the sixth month: SMD = - 0.548 with 95% CI - 0.860 to - 0.237, p value < 0.05). The difference in HbA1c reduction between groups varied based on patients' age and technological forms of IDH services delivery. The descriptive results confirmed the impact of M-Health technologies in improving HbA1c levels.
conclusionsIDH systems had significant and small effects on HbA1c reduction in T2D patients. IDH interventions' impact needs long-term RCTs. This review will help diabetic clinicians, self-care training system developers, and researchers interested in using IDH solutions to empower T2D patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.