Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37553197›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2023

Assessment of hypertension service availability in some primary health centres in Nigeria: a mixed-methods study.

Oluseyi Adejumo, Olorunfemi Ogundele, Manmak Mamven, Dapo Oyedepo, Maureen Ntaji, Alkali Mohammed, Amina Titilayo Bello Lawal, Osineke Stanley Onyebuchi, Ogbonnaya Kingsley Akakuru, Olutoyin Morenike Lawal and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Oluseyi AdejumoDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria oaadejumo@unimed.edu.ng.ORCID 0000-0002-0111-2843
Olorunfemi OgundeleDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-3634-6583
Manmak MamvenDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
Dapo OyedepoDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.
Maureen NtajiDepartment of Community Medicine, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Alkali MohammedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Amina Titilayo Bello LawalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Osineke Stanley OnyebuchiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Ogbonnaya Kingsley AkakuruDepartment of Logistics and Essential Drugs, Primary Health Care Development Agency, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Olutoyin Morenike LawalDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Ayodeji Akinwumi AkinbodewaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Akeem Opeyemi AkinbodeDepartment of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Keffi, Keffi State, Nigeria.
Adenike Christianah EnikuomehinDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Stanley NgokaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Toluwani Stephen Lade-IgeDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveStrengthening primary health centre (PHC) systems is a potentially effective strategy to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases in Nigeria, a low/middle-income country with limited resources. The aim of this study was to assess hypertension service availability in some PHCs in Nigeria and seek recommendations that could facilitate improved services from PHC workers.

designExplanatory sequential mixed-methods study. SETTINGS: PHCs in the six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital City of Nigeria.

participantsEighteen PHC workers and 305 PHC facilities.

methodHypertension service availability and readiness were assessed in PHCs across Nigeria using a pro forma adapted from the WHO Service Readiness and Assessment tool. Eighteen workers in the PHCs were subsequently interviewed for in-depth exploration of hypertension service availability and readiness.

findingsAmong the 305 health facilities assessed, 96 (31.5%) were in urban, 94 (30.8%) in semiurban and 115 (37.7%) in rural local government areas. Majority of the health facilities (43.0%) were manned by community extension workers. Only 1.6% and 19.7% of the health facilities had physicians and pharmacy technicians, respectively. About 22.3% of the providers had training in hypertension in the last 1 year. All the PHCs lacked adequate supply of essential antihypertensive medications. The identified deficiencies were less common in the urban PHCs compared with others. Qualitative analysis showed that the personnel, essential facilities and medicines required to provide hypertension services in the PHCs were inadequate. Suggested recommendations to successfully provide these services were provision of performance-based incentives; adequate staffing and training; supportive supervision of staff; provision of adequate equipment and essential medicines for hypertension management; provision of conducive environment for clients; and community engagement and participation.

conclusionMajority of the PHCs are currently not adequately equipped to provide hypertension services. Addressing identified gaps and using suggestions provided will guarantee successful provision of effective services.

Indexed as

HypertensionPrimary Health CareHealth FacilitiesHealth PersonnelHumansNigeriaHealth policyHuman resource managementHypertensionOrganisation of health servicesPrimary Health CarePrimary Prevention

Identifiers

PMID37553197
PMCPMC10414086

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.