Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37555340›Full record

ReviewImmunological reviews2023

Clearance phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelial during photoreceptor outer segment renewal: Molecular mechanisms and relation to retinal inflammation.

Stephanie A Lieffrig, Gavin Gyimesi, Yingyu Mao, Silvia C Finnemann

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Immunological reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Stephanie A LieffrigCenter for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA.
Gavin GyimesiCenter for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA.
Yingyu MaoCenter for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA.
Silvia C FinnemannCenter for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9298-0736
Fordham University · US

Funding

Molecular mechanisms of outer segment renewalR01EY026215 · NEI · FORDHAM UNIVERSITY · PI FINNEMANN, SILVIA C · 2016 to 2020
$2.0M
Anti-inflammatory role of MerTK in the RPE independent of diurnal outer segment phagocytosisR21EY033188 · NEI · FORDHAM UNIVERSITY · PI FINNEMANN, SILVIA C · 2021 to 2022
$436k
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026215NEI NIH HHS R21 EY033188
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian photoreceptor outer segment renewal is a highly coordinated process that hinges on timed cell signaling between photoreceptor neurons and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE). It is a strictly rhythmic, synchronized process that underlies in part circadian regulation. We highlight findings from recently developed methods that quantify distinct phases of outer segment renewal in retinal tissue. At light onset, outer segments expose the conserved "eat-me" signal phosphatidylserine exclusively at their distal, most aged tip. A coordinated two-receptor efferocytosis process follows, in which ligands bridge outer segment phosphatidylserine with the RPE receptors αvβ5 integrin, inducing cytosolic signaling toward Rac1 and focal adhesion kinase/MERTK, and with MERTK directly, additionally inhibiting RhoA/ROCK and thus enabling F-actin dynamics favoring outer segment fragment engulfment. Photoreceptors and RPE persist for life with each RPE cell in the eye servicing dozens of overlying photoreceptors. Thus, RPE cells phagocytose more often and process more material than any other cell type. Mutant mice with impaired outer segment renewal largely retain functional photoreceptors and retinal integrity. However, when anti-inflammatory signaling in the RPE via MERTK or the related TYRO3 is lacking, catastrophic inflammation leads to immune cell infiltration that swiftly destroys the retina causing blindness.

Indexed as

Proto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesAnimalsc-Mer Tyrosine KinaseHumansInflammationMammalsMicePhagocytosisPhosphatidylserinesRetinaRetinal Pigmentsc-Mer Tyrosine KinasePhosphatidylserinesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRetinal Pigmentscell signalingcircadian rhythmphagocytosisphotoreceptorsrenewalretinal pigment epithelial

Identifiers

PMID37555340
PMCPMC10615845
OpenAlexW4385683552

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.