ReviewRMD open2023
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET): not only antimicrobial but also modulators of innate and adaptive immunities in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
Review in RMD open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell death crosstalk in NET-Driven inflammation: mechanisms, disease contexts, and therapeutic perspectives.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Multiomics Profiling Reveals Distinct Immunosuppression and Metabolic Dysregulation in Aggressive Subtypes of Thyroid Cancer.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- Review
- Diagnostic potential of neutrophil extracellular traps in ulcerative colitis: a gene-based predictive model.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in gout: from immune defense to pathological dynamic equilibrium.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus: from hemostatic allies to pathogenic drivers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory responses driven by neutrophil extracellular traps in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, emerging biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Paradox of NET Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Review
- Regulation by Ascorbic Acid and HOO• Radicals of Extracellular DNA Network Formation and Internalization Activity of Mononuclear Cells.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2026Article
- Cellular stress, cell death, and extracellular vesicles: redefining the therapeutic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Induction, Isolation, and Characterization of Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) to Be Used in Functional Assays.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenic Mechanisms, Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Therapeutic Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor-associated neutrophils: A promising strategy in lung cancer immunotherapy.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Beyond Killing: The Overlooked Contribution of Neutrophils to Tissue Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- NETosis in Autoimmunity: Cell-Mediated vs. Ab-Mediated.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Neutrophils in Type 1 Diabetes: Untangling the Intricate Web of Pathways and Hypothesis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Conductive Hydrogel Inspires Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Combat Bacterial Infections in Wounds.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Screening necroptosis genes influencing osteoarthritis development based on machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) represent one of the first lines of defence against invading pathogens and are the most abundant leucocytes in the circulation. Generally described as pro-inflammatory cells, recent data suggest that PMN also have immunomodulatory capacities. In response to certain stimuli, activated PMN expel neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), structures made of DNA and associated proteins. Although originally described as an innate immune mechanism fighting bacterial infection, NET formation (or probably rather an excess of NET together with impaired clearance of NET) may be deleterious. Indeed, NET have been implicated in the development of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as fibrosis or cancer. They have been suggested as a source of (neo)autoantigens or regulatory proteins like proteases or to act as a physical barrier. Different mechanisms of NET formation have been described, leading to PMN death or not, depending on the stimulus. Interestingly, NET may be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and this probably partly depends on the mechanism, and thus the stimuli, triggering NET formation. Within this review, we will describe the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of NET and especially how NET may modulate immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.