ReviewEndocrine reviews2024
Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Pooled it
- MetAAA Trial Patients Receiving Metformin Therapy Show Limited Improvement in Quality of Life Compared to AAA Patients with Placebo Intake-A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Cognitive Impairment Associated with Chemotherapy: Neuroimmunological Interactions, Gut-Brain Axis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic medications with cognitive performance in an Asian population.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Techniques for the determination of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and screening of its inhibitors.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Gut-brain axis in health and brain disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Repurposing Antidiabetic Medications for Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Biomarker Strategies for Disease Modification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism Reframes Alzheimer's Disease: From Systemic Dysmetabolism to Glial Rewiring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Between the Gut Microbiome and Longevity Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Metformin improves the impairment of cognitive function caused by total abdominal irradiation via the miR-34a-5p/BDNF/CREB axis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Gut frailty in chronic heart failure: clinical determinants and distinct microbial signatures.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Aging-driven metabolic abnormalities remodel intercellular communication through the gut-liver-heart axis and may promote coronary artery disease: the key role of bile acid metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of oral-gut microbiota dysbiosis in regulating systemic impairment during age-related obesity: an animal study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Oral and gut microbiota after acromegaly treatment: prospective assessment and insights from machine learning.Pituitary · 2025Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Via Improving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated CaMolecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Metabolic Dysfunction: A Mini Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of metformin treatment with changes in metal dynamics in individuals with type 2 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Physiological Mechanisms of and Therapeutic Approaches to the Gut Microbiome and Low-Grade Inflammation in Obesity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Dietary provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid in relation to cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function and the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders are among the most serious threats to health in old age. The prevalence of dementia has reached 50 million people worldwide and has become a major public health problem. The causes of age-related cognitive impairment are multiple, complex, and difficult to determine. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to an enhanced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Human studies have shown that patients with T2D exhibit dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Metformin medication mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction and physical activity, such as greater insulin sensitivity and decreased cholesterol levels, and hence may also have a positive impact on aging in humans. According to recent human investigations, metformin might partially restore gut dysbiosis related to T2D. Likewise, some studies showed that metformin reduced the risk of dementia and improved cognition, although not all studies are concordant. Therefore, this review focused on those human studies describing the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome (specifically the changes in taxonomy, function, and circulating metabolomics), the changes in cognitive function, and their possible bidirectional implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.