ArticleJMIR formative research2023
Pacing Variation in Multistage Ultramarathons: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and lower limb muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Pooled it
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Case report: Elevation variability and pacing regulation in an elite half-marathon runner: a longitudinal case study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Pacing in ultra-marathon running: the Western States 100-mile endurance run 2006-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploratory analysis of critical event phases and the impact of team size and performance levels in 24 hour ultra cycling.PloS one · 2025Article
- Analysis of the fastest backstroke age group swimmers competing in the World Masters Championships 1986-2024.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUltramarathon running is the most popular ultraendurance competition in terms of the number of races and runners competing annually worldwide; however, no study has compared pacing and performance over a long period.
objectiveThis study analyzes the pacing of successful finishers and nonfinishers in multistage ultramarathons worldwide.
methodsA total of 4079 athletes (men=3288; women=791) competing in 99 multistage ultramarathon events from 1983 to 2021 were analyzed, including the number of participants, age, gender, rank, and running speed of successful finishers.
resultsThe results showed a significant increase in the number of events (n=338) and a significant increase in the number of finishers and nonfinishers (n=5575) in the ultramarathons worldwide during this period. The general linear models (GLMs) of pacing variation showed nonsignificant effects for gender (F
conclusionsIn summary, multistage ultramarathon competitions showed an increasing number of competitors and a higher performance challenge. Men have a higher pacing (ie, less even) variation than women, especially observed in longer events. A higher pacing variation was associated with lower performance for men, women, and nonfinishers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.