ArticleJournal of cell communication and signaling2023
GREM1 signaling in cancer: tumor promotor and suppressor?
Article in Journal of cell communication and signaling, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantification of DNA Methylation for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2026Article
- Hippocampus-targeted BDNF gene therapy to rescue cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease in multiple mouse models.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- A paracrine-to-autocrine shunt of GREM1 fuels colorectal cancer metastasis via ACVR1C.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- BMP signalling in colorectal cancer: losing the yin to WNTs yang.The Journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Expression of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway players in the jejunum and colon of adult rats.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2025Article
- Multi-omics analyses reveal interactions between GREM1+ fibroblasts and SPP1+ macrophages in gastric cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Associations of plasma protein levels with risk of colorectal cancer: a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study.Clinical proteomics · 2025Article
- The Role of GREMLIN1, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Stem Cell Regulation.Cells · 2025Review
- A comprehensive prognostic and immunological implications of Gremlin 1 in lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Zebularine showed anti-tumor efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Quantification of Gremlin 1 throughout the tumor stroma using whole slide imaging and its clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumor Syndromes: When Risk Comes with Your Genes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
GREMLIN1 (GREM1) is member of a family of structurally and functionally related secreted cysteine knot proteins, which act to sequester and inhibit the action of multifunctional bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). GREM1 binds directly to BMP dimers, thereby preventing BMP-mediated activation of BMP type I and type II receptors. Multiple reports identify the overexpression of GREM1 as a contributing factor in a broad range of cancers. Additionally, the GREM1 gene is amplified in a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of colorectal cancer. The inhibitory effects of GREM1 on BMP signaling have been linked to these tumor-promoting effects, including facilitating cancer cell stemness and the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Moreover, GREM1 has been described to bind and signal to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and stimulate angiogenesis, as well as epidermal and fibroblast growth factor receptor (EGFR and FGFR) to elicit tumor-promoting effects in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. In contrast, a 2022 report revealed that GREM1 can promote an epithelial state in pancreatic cancers, thereby inhibiting pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. In this commentary, we will review these disparate findings and attempt to provide clarity around the role of GREM1 signaling in cancer.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.