ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2023
Circulating PCSK9 as a prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 16.8-year follow-up study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of circulating PCSK9 levels and the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitor therapies in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Serum PCSK9 level as a potential biomarker relating to age, cholesterol and predicting major adverse cardiovascular event risk in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Gender and region disparities in plasma PCSK9 levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Metabolic Determinants of PCSK9 Regulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Tobacco Smoke Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetically proxied lipid-lowering agents and vascular calcification: A Mendelian randomization study.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Potential Priority Choice for Lipid Management in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.Drugs · 2025Review
- The Impact of PCSK9 on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and Implications.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The relationship between oxLDL, sLOX-1, PCSK9 and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PCSK9 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of Insulin Resistance and High Glucose.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel insights into the association between genetically proxied inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and risk of sarcopenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- PCSK9 and Coronary Artery Plaque-New Opportunity or Red Herring?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- DNA Methylation-derived biological age and long-term mortality risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Association Between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and Diabetes Mellitus in the NHANES 2003-2018 Population.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Prognostic Value ofCancers · 2024Article
- Maternal Obesity Modulates Cord Blood Concentrations of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-type 9 Levels.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- LDL Cholesterol Variability Impacts the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease: A Real-World Italian Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Advancements in Myocardial Infarction Management: Exploring Novel Approaches and Strategies.Cureus · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, being twofold to fourfold more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in individuals without diabetes. However, despite this decade-old knowledge, the identification of a specific prognostic risk biomarker remains particularly challenging.
methodsTaking advantage of a large sample of Caucasian patients (n = 529) with a diagnosis of T2DM followed for a median of 16.8 years, the present study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that fasting serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels could be prognostic for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality.
resultsMedian levels of PCSK9 were 259.8 ng/mL, being higher in women compared to men and increasing even more in the presence of a complication (e.g., diabetic kidney disease). PCSK9 positively correlated with markers of blood glucose homeostasis (e.g., HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) and the atherogenic lipid profile (e.g., non-HDL-C, apoB and remnant cholesterol). Serum PCSK9 predicted new-onset of MACE, either fatal or non-fatal, only in women (Odds Ratio: 2.26, 95% CI 1.12-4.58) and all-cause mortality only in men (Hazard Ratio: 1.79, 95% CI 1.13-2.82).
conclusionsConsidering that up to two-thirds of individuals with T2DM develop ASCVD in their lifetime, the assessment of circulating PCSK9 levels can be envisioned within the context of a biomarker-based strategy of risk stratification. However, the sex difference found highlights an urgent need to develop sex-specific risk assessment strategies.
trial registrationIt is a retrospective study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.