ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
The Role of Autophagy as a Trigger of Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondria as an Integrative Hub of Cellular Homeostasis and Stress Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exercise-Induced Exerkines Modulate Autophagy: Implications for Interorgan Crosstalk in the Hallmarks of Ageing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Study on the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Novel GelMA-HAMA Dual-Network Hydrogel Microneedle Loaded with MTX-NCs in Combination with Adalimumab.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- STAT1 transcriptionally activates CXCL13 to promote cell inflammation and proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications in extracellular microvesicles from plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients following anti-TNFα therapy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Integrating multi-omics, machine learning, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify glutamate metabolism-related biomarkers and drug candidates in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- ER-Golgi dysfunction and vesicular transport alterations in rheumatoid arthritis immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Untargeted metabolomics reveals immune-metabolic signatures in established cases of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Mining personalized core traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for rheumatoid arthritis and elucidating their mechanisms via frequent closed Itemset compression and multilevel network pharmacology.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Screening of potential oxidative stress-related biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis based on integrative bioinformatics, machine learning, and molecular dynamics simulations.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity and molecular typing characteristics of mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Connection Between Mitochondria and Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: Personalized Treatment Strategies.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Concordance Between the Multidisciplinary Team and ChatGPT-4o Decisions: A Blinded, Cross-Sectional Concordance Study in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-Translational Modifications of Lipoproteins: Emerging Players Linking Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Autophagy in the Mineralization Process of Bone and Dentin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Regulators and Conductors of Immunity: Natural Immune System in Health and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Multi-omics study on autophagic dysfunction molecular network in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Exosomes in Autoimmune Diseases: A Review of Mechanisms and Diagnostic Applications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- The Role and Mechanism of Protein Post‑Translational Modification in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by persistent joint inflammation, leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Autoantibody production is directed to post-translational modified (PTM) proteins, i.e., citrullinated or carbamylated. Autophagy may be the common feature in several types of stress (smoking, joint injury, and infections) and may be involved in post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins and the generation of citrullinated and carbamylated peptides recognized by the immune system in RA patients, with a consequent breakage of tolerance. Interestingly, autophagy actively provides information to neighboring cells via a process called secretory autophagy. Secretory autophagy combines the autophagy machinery with the secretion of cellular content via extracellular vesicles (EVs). A role for exosomes in RA pathogenesis has been recently demonstrated. Exosomes are involved in intercellular communications, and upregulated proteins and RNAs may contribute to the development of inflammatory arthritis and the progression of RA. In RA, most of the exosomes are produced by leukocytes and synoviocytes, which are loaded with PTM proteins, mainly citrullinated proteins, inflammatory molecules, and enzymes that are implicated in RA pathogenesis. Microvesicles derived from cell plasma membrane may also be loaded with PTM proteins, playing a role in the immunopathogenesis of RA. An analysis of changes in EV profiles, including PTM proteins, could be a useful tool for the prevention of inflammation in RA patients and help in the discovery of personalized medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.