ReviewViruses2023
Vaccines' New Era-RNA Vaccine.
Review in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines: Progress, evidence gaps, and translational pathways for durable and scalable immunization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Expanding Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Nanocarrier Platforms for RNA Vaccines: Advances in Formulation, Stability Engineering, and Translational Manufacturing Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Analytical Characterization and Stability Assessment of RNA-Based Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- From legacy to innovation: A comprehensive review of vaccine platforms against viral infections.Virus research · 2026Review
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Computational Design of an mRNA Vaccine Targeting LRP6 for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Navigating the next frontier in biomedicine: breakthroughs and insights in nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Preclinical evaluation of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine platform for broad and durable SARS-CoV-2 protection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CircRNA circuits orchestrate lactate metabolism in gastrointestinal cancer progression.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Factors Related toVaccines · 2026Review
- A binary self-amplifying expression platform enabling lipid nanoparticle-free vaccines and nanomedicines.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Attitudes and acceptance of mRNA-based vaccine for neglected tropical diseases: A multi-country study in Asia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Nucleic acid-encoded antibody gene transfer-next generation of antibody therapies.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- RNA-based cancer vaccines: mechanisms, clinical progress, and translational challenges.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Divergent Delivery and Expression Kinetics of Lipid and Polymeric Nanoparticles across mRNA Modalities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Therapeutic Self-Amplifying RNA and the Innate Immune System: Balancing Efficiency and Reactogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Reversing PAI-1 deficiency in blood using mRNA lipid nanoparticles.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- The potential and challenges of circular RNA in the development of vaccines and drugs for emerging infectious diseases.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Avian Influenza Virus: Comparative Evolution as the Key for Predicting Host Tropism Expansion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RNA vaccines, including conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines, and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines, have ushered in a promising future and revolutionized vaccine development. The success of mRNA vaccines in combating the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in 2019 has highlighted the potential of RNA vaccines. These vaccines possess several advantages, such as high efficacy, adaptability, simplicity in antigen design, and the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. They also offer rapid and cost-effective manufacturing, flexibility to target emerging or mutant pathogens and a potential approach for clearing immunotolerant microbes by targeting bacterial or parasitic survival mechanisms. The self-adjuvant effect of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations or circular RNA further enhances the potential of RNA vaccines. However, some challenges need to be addressed. These include the technology's immaturity, high research expenses, limited duration of antibody response, mRNA instability, low efficiency of circRNA cyclization, and the production of double-stranded RNA as a side product. These factors hinder the widespread adoption and utilization of RNA vaccines, particularly in developing countries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA, circRNA, and saRNA vaccines for infectious diseases while also discussing their development, current applications, and challenges.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.